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1、計算機研究與發(fā)展ISSN100021239PCN1121777PTPJournalofComputerResearchandDevelopment47(4):7162726,2010Flash存儲技術(shù)111,2鄭文靜李明強舒繼武1(清華大學計算機科學與技術(shù)系北京100084)2(清華大學信息科學與技術(shù)國家實驗室(籌)北京100084)(zhengwj07@mails.tsinghua.edu.cn)FlashStorageTechnology111,2ZhengWenjing,LiMingqiang,
2、andShuJiwu1(DepartmentofComputerScienceandTechnology,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084)2(TsinghuaNationalLaboratoryforInformationScienceandTechnology,Beijing100084)AbstractFlashmemoryhasthemeritsofnon2volatility,solid2stateness,smallvolume,lightweight,sh
3、ockresistance,highsequentialaccessperformance,highrandomreadperformanceandlowpowerconsumption.Thoughflashmemoryhasbeenwidelyappliedinembeddedsystemsandvariouskindsoftechnologieshavebeenproposedinthisarea,recently,withthecontinualincreaseincapacityanddec
4、reaseincost,therearestrongmotivesfrombothindustrialandacademicworldtoapplyflashmemoryinnotebookcomputersandenterprisestoragesystems,whichraisenewchallengesforbuildingahighperformance,highreliableandlowpower2consumingstoragesystembasedonflashmemory.Inthi
5、spaper,acomprehensiveanalysisandsummaryofthestateoftheartoftechnologiesthatarerelatedtoflashmemoryaregiveninthehopeofenlighteningfuturework.First,anintroductiontothecharacteristicsofflashmemoryandadiscussionontheroleofflashmemoryinstoragesystemarchitect
6、urearepresented.Then,severalkeytechniquesforefficientexploitationofflashmemoryarereviewedindetail,includingaddress2mappingtechnique,garbagecollectionmechanism,wear2levelingstrategy,flash2awarebuffercachereplacementstrategy,flash2awareindexingdatastructu
7、reandflash2basedtransactiontechnique.Finally,apanoramicviewisprovidedandpossiblefutureresearchareasaregiven.Keywordsflash;storagemanagement;flashtranslationlayer;buffercache;indexingdatastructure;transaction;garbagecollection摘要Flash存儲器具有非易失性、固態(tài)性、體積小、重量輕
8、、抗震動、高性能、低能耗等特點.近年來,隨著容量的提高和價格的降低,Flash存儲器在通用計算環(huán)境中的應用技術(shù)迅速成為研究熱點.研究的目的是對Flash存儲技術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀進行分析、總結(jié),以期為進一步的研究工作提供啟發(fā).首先介紹了Flash的存儲特性,探討了其在存儲體系結(jié)構(gòu)中地位,并討論了管理Flash存儲器的兩種軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu).然后重點分析、總結(jié)了Flash存儲的各項關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀,包括地址映射機制、垃圾回收機制、磨損均衡策略、基于Flash的buffe
