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1、北京化工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文硬質(zhì)交聯(lián)聚氯乙烯發(fā)泡板材研究制備姓名:廖前程申請(qǐng)學(xué)位級(jí)別:碩士專業(yè):材料科學(xué)與工程指導(dǎo)教師:苑會(huì)林20100603摘要硬質(zhì)交聯(lián)發(fā)泡聚氯乙烯板材研究制備本論文以制得性能優(yōu)越和成本低廉的硬質(zhì)交聯(lián)發(fā)泡聚氯乙烯板材為出發(fā)點(diǎn),利用異氰酸酯的雙官能團(tuán)進(jìn)行化學(xué)交聯(lián)改性,采用熱水發(fā)泡二步模塑成型法制備硬質(zhì)交聯(lián)發(fā)泡聚氯乙烯板材。討論了樹脂型號(hào)選擇,在確定樹脂型號(hào)的基礎(chǔ)上,重點(diǎn)研究了三種發(fā)泡劑、增塑劑DOP用量以及加工工藝對(duì)發(fā)泡制品的性能影響。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,總體來分析SG.3型料的效果更佳;通過DOP用量對(duì)發(fā)泡效果和極限氧指數(shù)的分析,得到了DOP用量為lO份是最佳用量;隨著
2、熱水發(fā)泡時(shí)間的延長,泡沫塑料密度呈現(xiàn)負(fù)相關(guān)的聯(lián)系。但時(shí)間延長到一定程度,發(fā)泡塑料密度變化不大。熱水發(fā)泡的時(shí)間達(dá)到4h,不僅對(duì)發(fā)泡制品的密度,而且對(duì)制品內(nèi)部的凝膠含量達(dá)到一定的要求有保證;凝膠含量測定值表明表層的凝膠含量比中心層的凝膠含量大;對(duì)三種發(fā)泡劑制得發(fā)泡制品進(jìn)行分析表明,環(huán)己烷發(fā)泡劑發(fā)泡效果一般,但硬質(zhì)值和交聯(lián)度方面處于優(yōu)勢,選用環(huán)己烷發(fā)泡劑。此外,通過紅外表征測試表明交聯(lián)PVC是通過馬來酸酐和苯乙烯接枝到PVC主鏈上,然后與亞甲基二苯胺發(fā)生反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生交聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。硬質(zhì)交聯(lián)聚氯乙烯泡沫塑料的性能優(yōu)越,在高溫下不容易變軟或發(fā)生蠕變,熱變形溫度達(dá)到82℃。對(duì)制品進(jìn)行極限氧指數(shù)和
3、垂直燃燒測定北京化工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文分析,其阻燃性能完全能達(dá)到阻燃級(jí)別。關(guān)鍵詞:交聯(lián),聚氯乙烯,泡沫,阻燃IIABSTRACTThePreparationofRigidCross—linkedFoamedPolyvinylChlorideSheetRigidcross-linkedfoamedPolyvinylChloride(PVC)sheetwasproducedbymoldingmethodandbyutilizingthefunctionalgroupsofisocyanateformingcross—linked‘structures.Theselectionof
4、thebaseresinswasdiscussedinthethesis.Effectsofazodicarbonamide(AC)foamingagentcontent,Dioctyl-Phthalate(DOP)plasticizercontentandtheprocessingtechnicwerestudiedintheresearch,whichaffectspropertiesofthefoamedproduce.TheresultsshowedthatthesheethasbetterpropertiesbyusingtheSG一3typeofPVCresin
5、s.ThroughanalyzingDOPcontentaffectingfoamingeffectsandlimitedoxygenindex,tenphrDOPcontentisthebestvalue.Withextendingtheperiodofhotwaterfoamingtime,thedensityoffoamedsheetwasdecreased.Butthetimeextendingenough,thedensityofsheethassmallchanges.Whentheperiodofhotwaterfoamingtimewasfourhours,
6、thedensityofsheetmeetacriterionandgelcontentoftheproductw,asuptoastandard.Itwasobservedthatsurfacelayergelcontentismorethancenterofthesheet.Comparedtothreefoamingagentsaffectingfoamedsheet,theIII北京化工大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文foamingeffectofcyclohexanefoamingagentwasthesameasothersfoamingagents,butitsrigidva
7、lueandcross—linkedwasbetterthantheirs.Furthermore,ItwasshowedthatmaleicanhydrideandstyrenegraftedthemainchainofPVC,andthenreactionwithisocyanateformedcross-linkedstructurebyFTIR.Thepropertiesofrigidcross-linkedfoamedPVCsheetwereverygood.Underthehightemperature