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1、DEBATESLanguagePolicyandPlanningintheNewSouthAfricaNevilleAlexanderProjectfortheStudyofAlternativeEducationinSouthAfricaUniversityofCapeTownIntroductoryRemarksSouthAfricaisinthegripofahistorictransition.Inallsectorsofsocietymajordebatesaboutthebestpoliciesforestablishin
2、gandconsolidatingdemocracyaretakingplace.Themosturgentandmostvisiblestrugglesandtensionsaretobeobservedinthesphereoftheeconomyandofsocialpathologysuchascriminalityanddrugs.Insomeareas,however,majorchangesarebeginningtobeimplemented.Manyoftheseareareaswheretheauthorsofth
3、epoliciesconcernedknowverywellthattheirinterventionswillonlybearfruitafterverymanyyearsofhardworkandcarefulmonitoringofthepoliciesimplemented.Suchanareaislanguagepolicy.On9November1995,therewasestablishedtheLanguagePlanTaskGroup(LANGTAG),anadvisorycommitteetotheMinister
4、ofArts,Culture,ScienceandTechnology.Itsmaintaskistoadvisetheministerabouttheprocessestobefollowedandtheissuestobeaddressedinordertoarriveatanacceptablelanguageplanforthecountry.TheestablishmentofLANGTAGiscertainlyamilestoneinthehistoryoflanguagepolicyinSouthAfrica.Itisa
5、lsotheculminationofmanyyearsofdedicatedanticipatoryresearchonthepartofasmallgroupoflanguagespecialists,peoplewhohadthegoodfortunetoreadthemovementofhistorycorrectlyandwhoare,therefore,wellplacedatthisimportantmomenttogivedirectiontothetendenciesthatarebecomingmanifestin
6、thissocialdomain.Buttherewasnoinevitabilityaboutthisdevelopmentandevennowthematterisbynomeansdecided.Inordertounderstandthesignificanceofthisdevelopmentitisnecessarytolookbackbriefly.HistoricalbackgroundLetusbeginwiththeoppressivepoliciesoftheapartheidregime.UndertheNat
7、ionalParty's(ChristianNationalEducation)policyoftheAfrikanerisationofSouthAfricansociety,theAfricanlanguagesweredeliberatelydevelopedasAusbau-languages,i.e.,evenwhereitwaspossibleinlinguisticandpoliticaltermstoallowthevarietiesofaparticularlanguageclusterorsub-group,suc
8、hasthe`Nguni'group,toconvergeintoamoreembracingstandardwrittenform,theyweresystematicallykeptseparatethroughle
