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1、LECTURENOTESONMECHANISMDESIGN,POLITICALTHEORY,SOCIALCHOICEANDVOTINGMichelLeBretonInstituteforAdvancedStudy,WuhanUniversityNovember200411IntroductionThecoursewillconsistof11lectures.Thetopicofeachlectureaswellasthelistofrecom-mendedandsuggestedreadingsat
2、tachedtoeachofthemappearsbelow.Tostimulateyourinterestforthesetheoreticalconsiderations,Ihavealsoaddedalistofpreliminaryreadings:strictlyspeaking,noneofthesereadingsisnecessaryforthecoursebuttheyillustratethepracticalrelevanceoftheconceptsandideaswhichw
3、illbepresented.Themainobjectiveofthiscourseistotoguidethestudentthroughthemorerecentdevelopmentsofsocialchoice,votingandpoliticaltheory.Thebasicbuildingblocksofthe?eldandthemainclassicalresultswillbepresented.AccordingtoKelly(1988)”Socialchoicetheoryist
4、hestudyofsystemsandinstitutionsformakingcollectivechoices,choicesthata?ectagroupofpeople......Foronething,socialchoicetheoryhasaverypracticalsideinaidingselectionofaprocedureformakingchoicesbypoliticalorsocialorganizations.......Butitspotentiallymostimp
5、ortantsideisinallowingustomakerealprogressinasweringsomeoftheoldestquestionsinpoliticalphilosophy”.Theseconddimensionisoftenreferredtoasthenormativepointofview:itconsistsinasystematicaxiomaticexplorationofthemechanismssatisfyingoneorseveralpropertiestha
6、tareconsideredasbeeingdesirable.Thesepropertiescovere?ciencyandfairnessconsider-ationsbutalsoincludeconsistencyrequirements.Inthistradition,thebehavioralresponseoftheactorsinvolvedinthecollectivechoiceissueaswellastheexactnatureoftheinsti-tutionsandrule
7、simplementingthemechanimaretypicallyneglected.AspointedoutbyAusten-SmithandBanks(1999)”Thisfamilyofmodelsexaminethepossibilitythatindi-vidualpreferencesaredirectlyaggregatedintoacollective,orsocialpreferencewhich,asinthetheoryofindividualdesision-making
8、,isthenmaximizedtoyieldasetofbestalterna-tives....Onemissingpieceofthedirectaggregationstoryistheappropriatemethodbywhichtheaggregationofindividual’spreferencesintosocialpreferencesismade....Itisimportanttoemhasizethatdirectaggre
