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1、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)第26卷第6期2005年12月建筑結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)報(bào)JournalofBuildingStnleturesv01.26,No.6Dec.20Q5文章編號(hào):1000—6869(2005)06—0013—07國(guó)家游泳中心“水立方”結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)優(yōu)化傅學(xué)怡1,顧磊1,楊先橋1,余衛(wèi)江2(1.中建國(guó)家游泳中心設(shè)計(jì)聯(lián)合體,北京100029;2.浙江大學(xué),杭州310027)摘要:國(guó)家游泳中心“水立方”的墻體和屋蓋結(jié)構(gòu)創(chuàng)造性地采用了新型多面體空間剛架結(jié)構(gòu)體系,該結(jié)構(gòu)的弦桿選用矩形鋼管、腹桿選用圓鋼管,節(jié)點(diǎn)為焊接球節(jié)點(diǎn)。雖然結(jié)構(gòu)
2、的構(gòu)成類似網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu),但結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的受力狀況完全不同于網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)的二力桿,而表現(xiàn)為類似空腹網(wǎng)架的剛接粱。桿件內(nèi)力包含彎矩、軸力、剪力、扭矩,彎曲應(yīng)力大于軸向應(yīng)力,所以結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化較為復(fù)雜。本文結(jié)合具體的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),全面介紹了結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算中的優(yōu)化內(nèi)容,包括:“強(qiáng)墻弱蓋”優(yōu)化,墻體桿件和屋蓋桿件選用不同應(yīng)力水平控制;截面類型優(yōu)化,放棄加勁肋截面而改用緊湊型截面,充分發(fā)揮截面塑性,提高結(jié)構(gòu)延性;幾何構(gòu)成“雜交”優(yōu)化,將屋蓋下弦貫通內(nèi)墻,為減小屋蓋與墻體交界處桿件過(guò)大的彎曲應(yīng)力而附加少數(shù)腹桿,形成局部匯交力系;“鉸接”優(yōu)化
3、,采用鉸接計(jì)算處理策略,將少數(shù)彎曲應(yīng)力較大無(wú)法滿足規(guī)范要求的桿件兩端處理為鉸接,加強(qiáng)其周?chē)嚓P(guān)桿件,再剛接迭代計(jì)算,較好滿足承載力要求;“強(qiáng)節(jié)點(diǎn)弱桿件”優(yōu)化,提高結(jié)構(gòu)延性,確保桿端焊縫破壞晚于桿件屈服。關(guān)鍵詞:多面體空間剛架;強(qiáng)墻弱蓋;截面優(yōu)化;雜交優(yōu)化;鉸接優(yōu)化;桿端加強(qiáng)中圖分類號(hào):TU328.04文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:AStructuralDesignOptimizationofNationalSwimmingCenter“WaterCube”FUXueyil,GULeil,YANGXianqia01,YUWe
4、ijian92(1.CSCECNationalSwimmingCenterDesignConsortium,Beijing100029,China;2.ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310027,China)Abstract:PolyhedronspaceframestructureiscreatedandadoptedintheNationalSwimmingCenter‘‘WaterCube”forthefirsttimeintheworld.Inwhich,rectangul
5、arhollowsectionsareusedaschords,cimularhollowsectionsaleusedaswebmembersandweldedhollowballsareusedasjoints.Althoughtheformofthenewstructureislikespacetruss,thememberbehaviorisentirelydifferentfromthetrussmemberwhichmainlybearingaxialforce,thepolyhedronsp
6、aceframememberislikethebeamwithrigidconnectioninVierendeeltruss.nejointsarerigidly—connectednodesandthemembersarespaceframeelements.Elementforcescontainbendingmoment,axialforce,shearforce,torsionalmoment,themomentstressislargerthana菇alstress.Themainoptimi
7、zationsofthestructuraldesignispresentedinthispaperasfollows.“Strongwallandweakroof”optimization,inwhichthecontrolstresslevelsinwallmembersarelowerthanthoseoftheroofmembers.Sectiontypeoptimization,thatisinsteadofusingtheoriginalsectionwithlongitudinalstiff
8、ener,thecompactsectionisadopted,andtheplasticpropertyofcompactsectionisutilized80astoenhancethesectionductility.Hybridoptimizationofgeometricconstitution,thatistodecreasethebendingstressesofmembersnearthebonndaryofw