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1、中國給水排水2003Vol.19CHINAWATER&WASTEWATERNo.5MBR在凈水工藝中的膜污染特征及清洗12黃 霞, 莫 罹(1.清華大學(xué)環(huán)境模擬與污染控制國家重點(diǎn)聯(lián)合實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京100084;2.建設(shè)部城市水資源中心,北京100007)摘 要:采用懸浮生長(zhǎng)型和兩種附著生長(zhǎng)型膜生物反應(yīng)器(MBR)處理微污染源水,考察了各種MBR的膜污染特征及清洗情況。通過電鏡觀察污染膜表面,發(fā)現(xiàn)不同MBR的膜外表面污染特征不同,而膜內(nèi)表面均無明顯污染。對(duì)污染膜進(jìn)行物理和化學(xué)清洗試驗(yàn)表明,常規(guī)物理清洗可使濾餅層大
2、部分脫落,但對(duì)膜過濾性能的恢復(fù)效果較差;堿洗對(duì)膜過濾性能的恢復(fù)作用顯著,有機(jī)污染對(duì)膜阻力的“貢獻(xiàn)”最大。附著生長(zhǎng)型MBR的污染膜表面粘性較大,常規(guī)物理清洗效果差,采用超聲波清洗可使膜過濾性能恢復(fù)約30%,與超聲波結(jié)合的化學(xué)清洗效果優(yōu)于常規(guī)化學(xué)清洗。對(duì)膜污染化學(xué)洗脫液成分的分析表明,MBR中的膜污染與混凝—微濾膜組合工藝(C-MF)相比,有機(jī)污染物含量較高,Ca元素含量較低,腐殖質(zhì)組分略高。兩種工藝條件下洗脫液中溶解性有機(jī)污染物均以小分子有機(jī)物為主;與C-MF相比,MBR的膜污染洗脫液中大分子有機(jī)物增多,推測(cè)與
3、反應(yīng)器內(nèi)微生物代謝產(chǎn)物的產(chǎn)生有關(guān)。關(guān)鍵詞:MBR; 給水處理; 膜污染; 清洗中圖分類號(hào):TU991.24 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):1000-4602(2003)05-0008-05CharacteristicsofMembraneFoulingandItsCleaninginMembraneBioreactorsforWaterPurification12HUANGXia,MOLi(1.StateKeyJointLabofESPC,TsinghuaUniversity,Beijing100084,Ch
4、ina;2.UrbanWaterResourcesCenter,MinistryofConstruction,Beijing100007,China)Abstract:SuspendedgrowthtypeandattachedgrowthtypeMembraneBioreactors(MBRs)wereusedtotreatmicro-pollutedsourcewater.Investigatedwasmadeonthecharacteristicsofmem2branefoulinganditsclea
5、ning.ThesurfaceoffouledmembranewasobservedbymeansofSEM,anditwasfoundthatthefoulingofexteriormembranesurfacevarieswithdifferenttypesofMBRandthein2teriormembranesurfacehasbeenlittlefouled.Physicalandchemicalcleaningwasusedtoeliminatemembranefouling.Theresults
6、showedthattheconventionalphysicalcleaningisabletoremovemostofcakelayer,buthaslittleeffectonmembranepermeabilityrecovery.Alkalinecleaningiseffectivetore2coverthemembranepermeability,andorganicmatteristhemajorcomponentaffectingthemembranefouling.Thefouledmemb
7、ranesurfaceofattachedgrowthtypeMBRismoresticky,andtheconven2tionalphysicalcleaninghaslittleeffect.Whereasultrasoniccleaningismoreeffectivetorecoverthemembranebyabout30%,andthecombinationofultrasonicwithchemicalcleaningismoreeffective 基金項(xiàng)目:清華大學(xué)“985”重點(diǎn)科研項(xiàng)目(0
8、82100200)·8·?1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.2003Vol.19 中國給水排水 No.5thantheconventionalchemicalcleaning.Bymakinganalysisonthecomponentofchemical
