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1、2011,37(1):99-104PlantProtection調(diào)查研究Investigations東北地區(qū)四種常見禾本科雜草病原真菌資源調(diào)查及其致病性測定1,222*21何偉,鄧暉,牛永春,趙杏利,高潔(1.吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院,長春130118;2.中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院農(nóng)業(yè)資源與農(nóng)業(yè)區(qū)劃研究所,北京100081)摘要為了解我國東北地區(qū)常見禾本科雜草病原真菌資源狀況,于禾草生長季節(jié)對東北三省19個縣市的稗草、狗尾草、馬唐和虎尾草的發(fā)病情況進行了調(diào)查和采樣。對病害樣品用組織分離法分離獲得186個真菌菌株,經(jīng)形
2、態(tài)學(xué)觀察和rDNAITS序列比對分析,鑒定到10個屬的真菌。對其中分離率較高具代表性的或來自發(fā)病嚴(yán)重樣品的31個菌株用人工接種法進行了致病性測定,明確了新月彎孢(Curvularialunata)對稗草、狗尾草、馬唐和虎尾草均有較強致病性,梭形凸臍蠕孢(Exserohilumfusiforme)和尖角凸臍蠕孢(E.monoceras)對稗草具有較強致病性,麥根腐平臍蠕孢(Bipolarissorokiniana)、狗尾草平臍蠕孢(B.setariae)、嘴突凸臍蠕孢(E.rostratum)和鏈格孢(
3、Alter-nariaspp.)對狗尾草具有較強致病性。不同菌株致病性有差異,一般來講,對原寄主的致病性強于對其他寄主的致病性。研究結(jié)果豐富了禾草的病菌資源和信息,為真菌除草劑的研發(fā)奠定了基礎(chǔ)。關(guān)鍵詞禾本科雜草;病原真菌;致病性;ITS中圖分類號:S432.44文獻標(biāo)識碼:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2011.01.022AsurveyofpathogenicfungionfourcommongramineousweedsinnortheasternChinaHeWei
4、1,2,DengHui2,NiuYongchun2,ZhaoXingli2,GaoJie1(1.CollegeofAgronomy,JilinAgriculturalUniversity,Changchun130118,China;2.InstituteofAgriculturalResourcesandRegionalPlanning,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China)AbstractInordertounderstan
5、dtheresourcesofpathogenicfungioncommongramineousweedsinnortheasternChina,fieldsurveyandsamplecollectionofdiseasesofthebarnyardgrassEchinochloacrusgalli,thegreenbris-tlegrassSetariaviridis,thecrabgrassDigitariasanguinalisandthefingergrassChlorisvirgatawe
6、recarriedoutingrassgrowingseasons.Withthetissueisolationmethod,186fungalstrainswereobtained.Outofthem10generawereidentifiedbymeansofmorphologicalobservationandalignmentofrDNAITSsequences.Pathogenicityof31strains,withhighisolatingfrequencyorfromseverelyd
7、iseasedsamples,wastestedwithartificialinoculation.Curvularialunatashowedstrongerpathogenicityonbarnyardgrass,greenbristlegrass,crabgrassandfingergrass.ExserohilumfusiformeandE.monocerasshowedstrongerpathogenicityonbarnyardgrass.Bipolarissorokiniana,B.se
8、tariae,E.rostratumandAlternariaspp.showedstrongerpathogenicityongreenbristlegrass.Pathogenicitywasvariablebetweenstrainsandgenerallystrongerontheoriginalhostplantthanonotherplants.Theresultsen-richedcultureresourcesandinformation
