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1、TheRepresentativesOfWesternEconomicsFatherOfEconomics ---AdamSmithAdamSmith(16June1723–17July1790)wasaScottishmoralphilosopherandapioneerofpoliticaleconomy.OneofthekeyfiguresoftheScottishEnlightenment,SmithistheauthorofTheTheoryofMoralSentimentsandAnInquiryintotheNatur
2、eandCausesoftheWealthofNations.Thelatter,usuallyabbreviatedasTheWealthofNations,isconsideredhismagnumopusandthefirstmodernworkofeconomics.Mainarticle:TheWealthofNationsTheWealthofNationsexpoundsthatthefreemarket,whileappearingchaoticandunrestrained,isactuallyguidedtopr
3、oducetherightamountandvarietyofgoodsbyasocalled"invisiblehand".Smithadvancedtheideathatamarketeconomywouldproduceasatisfactoryoutcomeforbothbuyersandsellers,andwouldoptimallyallocatesociety'sresources.Nevertheless,hewaswaryofbusinessmenandarguedagainsttheformationofmon
4、opolies.Fatherofmacroeconomics---JohnMaynardKeynesJohnMaynardKeyneswasbornonJune5,1883inCambridge,England.Hewasthemostinfluentialeconomistofthetwentiethcentury.HiseconomictheoriesprovidedthebasisofthemodernwelfarestatesofNorthAmericaandWesternEurope.Foraquarterofacentu
5、ryafterWorldWarII,Keynesianeconomictheories,andthepoliciesthatfollowedfromthem,dominatedtheeconomiclifeofindustrialcountries.TheCoherenceofHisWorkTheachievementsofKeynes'slifeandthoughtaremostevidentinhisthreemajorworks:TheEconomicConsequencesofthePeace,TheTreatiseonPr
6、obability,andTheGeneralTheoryofEmployment,InterestandMoney.InTheGeneralTheoryKeynesdemolishesthebeliefthatunfetteredmarketswillprovideenoughjobsandadequatenationalincomestoguaranteethefutureofcapitalism.TheforceofeachworkrestsonKeynes'srejectionofthebeliefthatethically
7、acceptableoutcomeswillresultfromtheoperationoflong-run"statistically"predictablesocialbehavior.FatherofModernEconomics ---PaulAnthonySamuelsonSamuelsonwasborninGary,Indiana,onMay15,1915.HeisthefirstAmericantowintheNobelMemorialPrizeinEconomicSciences.Samuelsonisconside
8、redtobeoneofthefoundersofneo-Keynesianeconomicsandaseminalfigureinthedevelopmentofneoclassicaleconomics.TheNewYorkTim
