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1、（二）種族(2)therace種族本無(wú)優(yōu)劣。Thereisnoadvantagesanddisadvantagesbetweenpeoplefromdifferentrace.阿富汗是一個(gè)多民族國(guó)家，在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化中占主導(dǎo)地位的普什圖人，是阿富汗的第一大民族，Afghanistanisamulti-ethniccountry,whilePushtunsdominantinthepolitical,economicandculturalfield,whichisAfghanistan'sfirstgreatnation.而具有蒙古血統(tǒng)的哈扎拉人是阿富汗
2、的人口第三多的民族，但歷來(lái)不被重視并且長(zhǎng)期受到普什圖等民族的壓迫和歧視，AndHazaraofMongolianbloodisthirdofthepopulationofethnicAfghanistan,buthasalwaysbeenignoredandhasbeenoppressedanddiscriminatedforalongtimebyotherethniclikePashtun.阿富汗復(fù)雜的民族關(guān)系是構(gòu)成社會(huì)的階層關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)，普什圖族往往處在阿富汗社會(huì)的中上層，而哈扎拉人則多淪為下層。Suchacomplexethnicrelationsh
3、ipisthebasisofsocialclassrelations,PushtunsofteninAfghansocietyupper-middle-class,andHazarasismuchreducedtoalowerlevel.民族與民族之間的不平等，階級(jí)與階級(jí)之間的不平等，又往往是人與人之間的不平等的根源。Inequalitybetweendifferentnationsandclasses,usually,istherootofinequalitybetweenpeople.阿米爾家庭成員內(nèi)部的不平等，也就是阿富汗社會(huì)成員不平等的縮影。In
4、ternalinequalityinAmir'sfamilymembersaretheepitomeofAfghanmembersofsocialinequality.作為普什圖人的爸爸和阿米爾是家里的主人，阿里和哈桑這對(duì)哈扎拉父子是忠實(shí)的仆人。AsPushtunsfatherandamiristhemasterofthehouse,whileAliandhissonHasanarefaithfulservantasHazaras.這種不平等的階級(jí)和民族觀念，是阿米爾父子背叛哈桑父子的根源，Thisinequalityofclassandnational
5、ideaisthereasonofAmirandhisfather'sbetrayaltoHassanfatherandson.因?yàn)樗麄儚氖贾两K都沒(méi)有平等的對(duì)待自己所謂的“兄弟”。becausetheydidn'thavetheequaltreatmentfrombeginningtoendtheirtotheso-called"brothers".而哈桑和父親阿里卻被這種不平等打上了深深的烙印，接受了他們仿佛是與生俱來(lái)的下等地位，仿佛天生就該淪為仆人。AndHassanandhisfatherAliwerethedeeplymarkedbythisin
6、equality,acceptedthattheywerebornwithaninferiorposition,asiftheyshouldbeservants.這種奴化思想，這種“不平等”和“不抗?fàn)帯钡囊庾R(shí)才是根源，最應(yīng)該被救贖。Thiskindofenslavingthought,thiskindof"inequality"and"don'tstruggle"consciousnessistherootcause,whichmostlyshouldberedeemed.（三）宗教(3)thereligious信仰本無(wú)優(yōu)劣。Thereisnoadvan
7、tagesanddisadvantagesbetweenpeoplefromdifferentfaith.阿富汗是一個(gè)宗教國(guó)家，普什圖人主要信仰遜尼派，為伊斯蘭教中的最大派別，自稱“正統(tǒng)派”，與哈扎拉人信仰的什葉派對(duì)立。Afghanistanisareligiouscountry,thePushtunsmainbeliefSunni,thelargestfactioninIslam,theself-proclaimed"orthodox",andtheHazarasbeliefshiaoppositly.為排除異己，阿富汗宗教極端主義興起，它已經(jīng)不是人們
8、宗教信仰的問(wèn)題，它只是打著宗教的名義行使政治的極端權(quán)利，所謂“掛羊頭賣狗肉”，但
