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1、英語(yǔ)單詞后綴后綴是一種重要的構(gòu)詞法,通過(guò)后綴常常可以判斷出一個(gè)詞的詞性。一個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞可以分為三個(gè)部分:前綴(prefix),詞根(stem)及后綴(suffix)。單詞中位于詞根前面的部分就是前綴。前綴,可以改變單詞的意思。在語(yǔ)言學(xué)里,后綴,又稱(chēng)詞尾,是一種后置于其他詞素后的詞綴。1、常見(jiàn)名詞的此類(lèi)后綴及其具體含義如下:1).-ster,-eer,-er(or)意為:從事某種職業(yè)或參與某種活動(dòng)的人(personengagedinanoccupationoractivity)例詞:gamester,gangster,songster,engineer,pr
2、ofiteer,mountaineer,auctioneer,driver,teacher,director,actor,professor2).-let意為:小或者不重要的東西(small,unimportantthings)例詞:booklet,leaflet,starlet3).-ette意為:1)小的東西(small)例詞:cigarette2)假的東西(imitation)例詞:leatherette3)女性(female)例詞:usherette4).-ess意為:女性(female)例詞:actress,poetess,hostess,pa
3、intress5).-hood意為:時(shí)期(status;etc.)例詞:boyhood,childhood,manhood6).-ship意為:才能,狀態(tài),資格,品質(zhì)等(skill,state,condition,status,quality)例詞:leadership,friendship,membership,lectureship,sportsmanship7).-ful意為:量(theamountwhichnouncontains)例詞:cupful,handful,mouthful,spoonful8).-tion,-ion意為:1)狀態(tài),行動(dòng)
4、等(state;action;etc.)例詞:action,oppression,possession,education,starva-tion2)機(jī)構(gòu)等(institution;etc.)例詞:organization,foundation9).-ment意為:狀態(tài),行動(dòng)等(state;action;etc.)例詞:movement,enslavement,pavement10).-al意為:動(dòng)作(action)例詞:arrival,refusal,revival,recital,removal11).-age意為:程度,數(shù)量等(extent;amo
5、unt;etc.)例詞:wastage,coverage,acreage,shrinkage,breakage,hostage12).-ness;-ity(ty)意為:狀態(tài),品質(zhì)(state;quality;etc.)例詞:happiness,usefulness,selfishness,kindness,rapidity,activity,sanity,-14/14-changeability13).-ism意為:道義,主義,學(xué)說(shuō)等(doctrineof,practiceof)例詞:idealism,impressionism,absenteeism,
6、racism2使一個(gè)詞變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞的后綴。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)后綴及其具體含義如下:1).-ify意為:轉(zhuǎn)為,變?yōu)椋╰oturninto,tomakeorbecome)例詞:beautify,diversify,simplify2).-ize;-en意為:使……,變得……(tomakeorbecome;tomakeinto)例詞:modernize,popularize,legalize,hospitalize,symbolize,ripen,widen,heighten,threaten3).-ate意為:增加,使……聽(tīng)寫(xiě)(giveoradd,makeorbecom
7、e)例詞:originate,hydrogenate,validate,differentiate3常見(jiàn)形容詞的此類(lèi)后綴及其具體含義如下:1).-ful意為:充滿(mǎn),有(fullof;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例詞:useful,pitiful,hopeful,careful,helpful,forgetful,thankful,fearful2).-less意為:沒(méi)有,無(wú)(without;notgiving)例詞:speechless,childless,harmless,hopeless,meaningless,homeless3).-l
8、y意為:有……品質(zhì)的(havingthequalitiesof)例詞:beast