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1、LessonThree:AModestProposal(JonathanSwift)AModestProposalAbouttheauthor:JonathanSwift(1667-1745),thegreatestEnglishsatirist,isbestrememberedastheauthorofGulliver’sTravels,awonderfulsatiricalnovelwhichhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguagesandisstillreadthroughouttheworld.AcousinofthepoetJohnDryden,Swi
2、ftwasborninDublinofEnglishparents.HisfatherdiedbeforeSwiftwasborn,leavingthechildnofortunetodependon.Helpedbyhisoldestuncleinagrudgingand“charitable”manner,SwiftreceivededucationatTrinityCollegeinDublinwithlittlesatisfactiontoneitherhimselfnortheauthorities.Hewascensuredforoffencesagainstschooldi
3、scipline,obtaininghisdegreeonlyby“specialgrace.”Afterhisgraduation,SwiftactedassecretarytoSirWilliamTemple,animportantEnglishstatesmananddiplomat,andservedhimfortenlongyears.Duringthisperiodoftime,hestartedtowritepoliticalessays.WhenTemplediedin1669,SwiftbecameaclergymanandwasgivenalivinginIrelan
4、d.Intheyearsthatfollowed,hemadefrequenttripstoEngland,gettingdeeplyinvolvedinpoliticsandliterature.In1713SwiftbecameDeanofSt.Patrick’sCathedralinDublin.SwiftwashonoredasgreatherototheIrishpeoplebecausehedefendedthemagainsttheEnglishruleinaseriesofsavagesatires,ofwhichAModestProposal(1729)isthemos
5、tfamous.Inhislastyears,hesufferedfromaprogressivementaldisease.NothingsumsupSwift’scharacteraswellastheepitaphhewroteforhimself:“hereliesone…whoseheartwaslaceratedwithsavageindignation.”SwiftisoneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishprose.Simple,clear,vigorous,heseemstohavenodifficultyinfindingtheexactwo
6、rdforhispurpose.Yethewasnoconsciousstylist.“Style?”heoncesaid,“Hereisafinepotheraboutnothing.Properwordsinproperplacesmakethetruedefinitionofastyle.”INhiswritingstherearenotricksofstyle,norecurringphrases,noflashyornaments,nostudiedeffects.Theobjectisattainedwithoutapparenteffort.Hisstyleinfluenc
7、edEnglishproseforoverahundredyears,anditsinfluencestillcontinues.Asasatirist,hiswritingismaskedbyanoutwardgravity(莊嚴),andanapparentcalmnessconcealshisbitterirony.Thismakeshissatireallthemorepowerful,ascanbeseeninhis“AM
