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1、Chapter10Magnetismofmatter§1Magneticmediumanditsclassification§2MagnetizationMagneticfieldintensity§3Ferromagneticsubstance§4Example§1Magneticmediumanditsclassification1MagneticmediumMagneticmedium磁介質(zhì)在磁場作用下發(fā)生變化,并能反過來影響磁場的物質(zhì)(2)TheMagnetizationofmagnetic
2、medium:磁介質(zhì)的磁化磁介質(zhì)在磁場作用下的變化稱為磁化2TheclassificationofmagneticmediumRelativepermeability相對磁導(dǎo)率Inmedium:各種物質(zhì)都具有一定的磁性,都能對磁場產(chǎn)生影響,因此一切物質(zhì)都可以認(rèn)為是磁介質(zhì)。(2)Paramagneticmedium順磁質(zhì)manganese、chrome、oxygenetc.TheBinmediumislargerthaninvacuum.(3)Ferromagneticmedium鐵磁質(zhì)iron、co
3、balt、nickeletc.TheBinmediumismorelaregerthaninvacuum.Diamagneticmedium抗磁質(zhì)copper、plumbum、hydrogenetc.TheBinmediumislessthaninvacuum.Typically?rdiffersfromunitybyonlyafewpartsin105§2Magnetization磁化強(qiáng)度Magneticfieldintensity磁場強(qiáng)度1TheMagnetizationofmagneticme
4、diumThemotionofelectronspin:電子自旋運動:spinmagneticmoment自旋磁矩;Themotionofelectronorbit:電子繞核運動:orbitmagneticmoment軌道磁矩;Molecularmagneticmoment分子磁矩,固有磁矩:所有電子的軌道磁矩和自旋磁矩的矢量和。Molecularcurrent:分子電流分子磁矩用等效的圓電流表示。(1)Molecularmagneticmoment分子磁矩(2)Additionalmagnetic
5、moment附加磁矩Inanexternalmagneticinduction,theeveryelectronofmoleculeexperiencesforcewhichiscalledLorentzforce.電子的運動狀態(tài)發(fā)生改變。這時,每個電子的運動,除了自旋運動和繞核運動之外,還要附加一個以外磁場為軸線的轉(zhuǎn)動,稱為電子的進(jìn)動—theprecessionalmotionofelectron.無外磁場時,分子磁矩的排列雜亂無章;Inanexternalmagneticinduction,mo
6、lecularmagneticmomentexperiencestorquesItshowsthatthemagneticmomenttendstoorientitselfparalleltothefield分子磁矩沿外磁場方向排列------順磁性paramagnetism其方向總是與外磁場相反—抗磁性diamagnetism?用電磁感應(yīng)現(xiàn)象可以說明附加磁矩方向與外磁場方向相反:Ifthefluxthroughacircuitchanges,anelectromotiveforceisinduce
7、daroundit.Thepolarityoftheinducedemfissuchastoopposethechangethatcausedit.Theinducedcurrentalwaysflowstocreateamagneticfieldthatoppositethechangeinfluxthroughthecircuit.?UsingtheLorentzforceofelectronexperiencedthediamagnetismcanbeexplainedtoo:根據(jù)電子受力方向
8、判斷電子進(jìn)動形成的電流流向,從而確定對應(yīng)的附加磁矩的方向Themotionofelectronformsadditionalmagneticmoment電子的進(jìn)動,形成附加磁矩2MagnetizationandMagnetizationcurrent單位體積內(nèi)分子磁矩或附加磁矩的矢量和。表征介質(zhì)的磁化程度Paramagneticmedium:分子磁矩起主要作用Diamagneticmedium:附加磁矩起作用(1)Magnetization(2)Magnetizati