資源描述:
《Soil acid-base and redox reaction》由會員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Chapter9Soilacid-baseandredoxreactionChapter9Soilacid-baseandredoxreactionSection1Theformationofsoilacid-baseTheacid-basereactionofsoilTheacid-basereactionofsoilischangeinsoilpH.SoilpHisprobablythesinglemostimportantchemicalcharecteristicofasoil.Theknowledgeof
2、pHisneededtounderstandimportantchemicalprocessessuchasionmobility,precipitationanddissolutionequilibria,andoxidation-reductionequilibria.AknowledgeofpHisalsoneededtounderstandnutrientavailabilitytoplantsandthenegativeresponseofmanyplantspeciestosoilacidity.The
3、soilpHvalueinChinaisabout4.5-8.5.一、Soilacidity(一)Thecauseofsoilacidity1.Climaticfactor2.Biologicalfactor3.Fertilizerapplicationandirrigation1.Thesourceofhydrogenions(1)Waterdissociation(2)Carbondioxide(3)Organicacid(4)Inorganicacid(inorganicfertilizer)(5)Acidr
4、ainAcidrainAcidrainiscausedbytheburningoffossilfuels.Burningoil,gasandcoalinpowerstationsreleasesSulfuricDioxide(SO2)intotheatmosphere.Burningoilandgasolineinmotorvehiclesputsnitrogenoxides(NOX)intotheatmosphere.Thesegasesmixwithwaterdropletsintheatmospherecre
5、atingweaksolutionsofnitricandsulfuricacids.Whenprecipitationoccursthesesolutionsfallasacidrain.ExchangeableHydrogenisthemainsourceofH+atpH6andabove.BelowpH6AluminumisthemainsourceofH+duetodissociationofAlfromclayminerals.AluminumbecomesmoresolubleatlowerpH’sAl
6、3++H20---->Al(OH)+++H+Al(OH)+++H2O--->Al(OH)2++H+Al(OH)2++H20--->Al(OH)3+H+2.Aluminumactivationinsoil(二)Thetypesofsoilacidity1.ActiveacidityActiveAcidity–TheactivityofhydrogenionintheaqueousphaseofasoilexpressedasapHvalue.2.SoilpotentialacidityStrongacidityins
7、oilColloid-Al3+=Colloid+Al3+Al3++3H2OAl(OH)3+3H+(2)AcidityandweakacidityinsoilAl(OH)2++HOHAl(OH)2++H+Al(OH)2++HOHAl(OH)3++H+Or:Colloid-H+H+3.SoilexchangeableacidityExchangeableacidity-Thealuminumandhydrogenthatcanbereplacedfromanacidsoilbyanunbufferedsaltsolut
8、ionsuchasKClorNaCl.(cmol(+)/kg)4.SoilhydrolyticacidityCH3COONa+H2OCH3COOH+NaOHH-ColloidAl+4CH3COONaNa-Colloid3Na+Al(OH)3+4CH3COOHOxide-OH+CH3COONaOxide-O-Na++CH3COOH二、Soilalkalinit