資源描述:
《semantics簡要介紹》由會員上傳分享,免費在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、SemanticsWhatissemantics?Semanticscanbesimplydefinedasthestudyofmeaning.Morespecifically,semanticsisthestudyofthemeaningoflinguisticunits,wordsandsentencesinparticularThen,whatismeaning?languagemustmakecontactwiththeoutsideworld.Thiscontactiswhatwecallmeaning.Severalviewsconcerningt
2、hestudyofmeaningG.Leechandhis7typesofmeaningTheConceptualistViewContextualismBehaviorismSuggestedbyOgdenandRichardSemantictriangleThought/reference(concept,sense)Symbol(word)Referent(thing)SenseRelations-----AntonymyAntonymyisthenameforoppositenessrelation.Therearethreemainsub-types
3、:Gradableantonymy,ComplementaryantonymyConverseantonymyGradableantonymy分等級反義e.g.good;badlong;shortbig;smalla.thedenialofoneisnotnecessarilytheassertionoftheother.b.thereisnoabsolutecriterionComplementaryantonymy互補反義e.g.male;femalepass;failinnocent;guiltya.themembersofapairinthistype
4、arecomplementarytoeachotherConverseantonymy逆向反義e.g.buy;sellhusband;wifeabove;belowa.theyshowthereversalofarelationshipbetweentwoentitiesSenseRelations-----SynonymyDialectalsynonymseg:liftvs.elevatorflatvs.apartmentSynonymsofdifferentstyleseg:gentlemanvs.guySynonymsofdifferentregiste
5、rseg:slatvs.sodiumchlorideSynonymsdifferinginaffectivemeaningeg:attractvs.seduceSynonymsdifferingincollocationeg:beautifulvs.handsomeablevs.capableSenseRelations-----HomonymyHomophoneseg:rainvs.reignnightvs.knightHomographseg:tear(v.)vs.tear(n.)lead(v.)vs.lead(n.)Completehomonymseg:
6、ballbankwatchscalefastSenseRelations-----HyponymyItreferstothesenserelationbetweenamoregeneral,moreinclusivewordandamorespecificword.SuperordinatesHyponymscohyponymsSenseRelations-----SenseRelations-----HyponymyMusicalinstrumentspianofluteguitarviolintubatromboneHyponymyFishsnappers
7、almonbasssoletroutchinookspringcohokingsockeycomponentialanalysisSomelinguistssuggestthatthemeaningofawordisnotanunanalysablewholebutcouldbefurtheranalysedintosmallercomponents.Forexcemple:男人女人男孩女孩男性女性成年非成年人類男人{(人類)(成年)(男性)}女人{(人類)(成年)(女性)}男孩{(人類)(非成年)(男性)}女孩{(人類)(非成年)(女性)}例1Themanc
8、hasedthedogThedogch