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1、Freud,Nietzscheand theChallengetoPositivismMankinddoesnotrepresentadevelopmenttowardsomethingbetterorstrongerorhigher,inthesenseacceptedtoday.“Progress”ismerelyamodernidea,thatis,afalseidea.FriedrichNietzsche,PrefacetoTheAntichrist(1888)Ihavebeencarefultorefrainfromtheenthus
2、iasticprejudicethatseesourcivilizationasthemostpreciousthingwepossessorcanacquire,andbelievesthatitspathwillnecessarilyleadustoheightsofperfectionhithertoundreamtof.SiegmundFreud,CivilizationanditsDiscontents(1930)FriedrichNietzscheNietzscheatShulpfortaJacobBurckhardtRichard
3、WagnerLouSalomé,PaulRée,andNietzscheFriedrichNietzscheandElisabethF?rster-Nietzsche,1899ElisabethF?rster-NietzschewelcomesAdolfHitlertotheNietzscheArchive,1933FriedrichNietzsche,draftofalettertoElisabethF?rster-Nietzsche,December1887InthemeantimeI'veseenproof,blackonwhite,th
4、atHerrDr.F?rsterhasnotyetseveredhisconnectionwiththeanti-Semiticmovement.[...]Theseparationbetweenusistherebydecidedinreallythemostabsurdway.HaveyougraspednothingofthereasonwhyIamintheworld?[...]NowithasgonesofarthatIhavetodefendmyselfhandandfootagainstpeoplewhoconfusemewith
5、theseanti-Semiticcanaille;aftermyownsister,myformersister,andafterWidemannmorerecentlyhavegiventheimpetustothismostdireofallconfusions.AfterIreadthenameZarathustraintheanti-SemiticCorrespondencemyforbearancecametoanend.Iamnowinapositionofemergencydefenseagainstyourspouse'sPa
6、rty.Theseaccursedanti-Semitedeformitiesshallnotsullymyideal!!Socrates (c.470–399BC)SigmundFreudFreud’sBirthplaceJosefBreuerandhiswifeBerthaPappenheim(‘AnnaO.’)Jean-MartinCharcotSigmundandMarthaFreudFreud’sCouchAlfredAdlerCarlJungFreudandJungatClarkUniversity,1909Freudathisde
7、sk
