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1、EnhancingHighwaySafetyThroughEngineeringManagementHaroldL.Michael**Head,SchoolofCivilEngineering,PurdueUniversity,director,JointHighwayResearchProject,andco-chairman,68thAnnualPurdueRoadSchool.ProfessorMichaelin1981-82alsochairedaTransportationResearchB
2、oardSteeringCommitteechargedwithproducingaDocumenton“EnhancingHighwaySafetyThroughEngineeringManagementinanAgeofLimitedResources.”TheDocumentwiththistitlewasproducedfromtheresultsofaNationalConferenceonthesubjectheldinSt.Louis,MissouriNovember2-5,1981.T
3、heReportwaspublishedbytheTransportationResearchBoard.Theentireprojectwassponsoredbyeightnationalorganizationsreportedinthispaper.ProfessorMichael’spresentationherepublishedisasummaryofthefindingsofthatconferenceandpublicationandmuchofthispaperistakenfro
4、mthepublishedreport.Copiesofthefullreportareavailablefromthesponsoringorganizations.TheUnitedStateshasoneofthefinesthighwaysystemsintheworld,asystemthatisnecessarytooureconomy,ourlifestyle,andourveryexistenceasanation.Inrecentyears,muchtimeandefforthave
5、beenspenttoimprovethesafetyofthehighwaysystem,andadramaticdecreaseinthehighwayfatalityratehasresultedfrommorethan10per100millionvehiclemilesoftravelpriortoWorldWarIItolessthanone-thirdthatratenow.Whilethisimprovementisattributedtomanyfactors,alargemeasu
6、reofthesuccesscanbeattributedtotheevolvementoftheInterstatesystemanditshighdesignstandardsfortrafficsafety.AlthoughtheInterstatesystemrepresentsonlyaboutonepercentofthetotalhighwaymileage,itcarriesabout19percentofalltrafficandhasthelowestfatalaccidentra
7、teofallhighwayclassifications.Ofrealconcern,however,isthefactthatthefatalityrateisnolongerimprovingbutisactuallyincreasingslightlyeachyear.Furthermore,theyearlynumberoffatalitieswhichhadshownasteadydeclineinrecentyearsonour3.9millionmilesofhighwaysandst
8、reetshasagainbeguntoexhibitanincrease—toalevelofanexpected53,000in1981,andprojectionsarethatthisfigurewillclimbto80,000ormoreby1990.59RATEPER100MILLIONVEHICLEMILESFIG.1.HIGHWAYFATALITYRATEYEARFIG.2.NUMBEROFFATALITIES60Thedollarco