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1、FuelsandEnergyfortheFuture:TheRoleofCatalysisaAuthor:JensR.Rostrup-NielsenaAffiliation:HaldorTops?eA/S.Lyngby.DenmarkDOI:10.1081/CR-200036716PublicationFrequency:4issuesperyearPublishedin:CatalysisReviews,Volume46,Issue3&4December2004,pages247-270AbstractThere
2、aremanyreasonstodecreasethedependencyonoilandtoincreasetheuseofotherenergysourcesthanfossilfuels.Thewishforenergysecurityisbalancedbyawishforsustainablegrowth.Catalysisplaysanimportantroleincreatingnewroutesandflexibilityinthenetworkofenergysources,energycarri
3、ers,andenergyconversion.Theprocesstechnologiesresemblethoseappliedinthelargescalemanufactureofcommodities.Thisisillustratedbyexamplesfromrefineryfuels,synfuels,andhydrogenandthefutureroleoffossilfuelsisdiscussed.Keywords:Catalysis;CO2;Coalconversion;Desulphuri
4、zation;DME;FischerTropsch;Fuelcells;Hydrogen;Methanol;Naturalgasconversion;Steamreforming;SynfuelsListofAbbreviationsATRAutothermalreformingbpdBarrelsperdayCNGCompressednaturalgasCPOCatalyticpartialoxidationDMEDimethyletherEx°Exergy,Ex°=H°-S°T(surroundings)FTF
5、ischer-TropschGHGGreenhousegasesGTLGastoliquidsHEnthalpyHDSHydrodesulphurizatiaonHHVHigherheatingvalueICEInternalcombustionengineIGCCIntegratedgasificationcombinedcycleLHVLowerheatingvalueLNGLiquifiednaturalgasLPGLiquifiedpetroleumgasMCFCMoltencarbonatefuelcel
6、lMTBEMethyltertbutyletherMTGMethanoltogasoline(Mobilprocess)MTPDMetrictonsperdayMTSMiddletemperatureshiftPPricedifferenceofproductandfeedPEMFCProtonexchangemembranefuelcellPMParticulatesmatterPSAPressureswingadsorptionR/PReservestoproductionratioSEntropySCRSel
7、ectivecatalyticreductionSMRSteammethanereformingSNGSubstitutenaturalgasSOFCSolidoxidefuelcellI.TheComplexNetworkTheenergypolicyisdirectedbytheneedforsecureenergysupplyandbythewishforsustainablegrowth.Thisdealswitheffortstodecreasethedependencyonoilinviewofthel
8、imitedresourcesandtoincreasetheuseofotherenergysourcesthanfossilfuels(solar,wind,biomass)tocomplywiththeKyotoProtocolonCO2-emissions.Useofnaturalgasrepresentsapartialsolutionbecaus
