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1、GeoffCoyle:PracticalStrategy.OpenAccessMaterial.AHPTHEANALYTICHIERARCHYPROCESS(AHP)INTRODUCTIONTheAnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP)isduetoSaaty(1980)andisoftenreferredto,eponymously,astheSaatymethod.Itispopularandwidelyused,especiallyinmilitaryanalysis,thou
2、ghitisnot,byanystretchoftheimagination,restrictedtomilitaryproblems.Infact,inhisbook,(whichisnotforthemathematicallyfaintofheart!)Saatydescribescaseapplicationsrangingfromthechoiceofaschoolforhisson,throughtotheplanningoftransportationsystemsfortheSudan
3、.ThereismuchmoretotheAHPthanwehavespaceforbutwewillcoverthemosteasilyusedaspectsofit.TheAHPdealswithproblemsofthefollowingtype.Afirmwishestobuyonenewpieceofequipmentofacertaintypeandhasfouraspectsinmindwhichwillgovernitspurchasingchoice:expense,E;operab
4、ility,O;reliability,R;andadaptabilityforotheruses,orflexibility,F.Competingmanufacturersofthatequipmenthaveofferedthreeoptions,X,YandZ.Thefirm’sengineershavelookedattheseoptionsanddecidedthatXischeapandeasytooperatebutisnotveryreliableandcouldnoteasilyb
5、eadaptedtootheruses.Yissomewhatmoreexpensive,isreasonablyeasytooperate,isveryreliablebutnotveryadaptable.Finally,Zisveryexpensive,noteasytooperate,isalittlelessreliablethanYbutisclaimedbythemanufacturertohaveawiderangeofalternativeuses.(Thisisobviouslya
6、hypotheticalexampleand,tounderstandSaatyproperly,youshouldthinkofanothercasefromyourownexperience.)EachofX,YandZwillsatisfythefirm’srequirementstodifferingextentssowhich,overall,bestmeetsthisfirm’sneeds?Thisisclearlyanimportantandcommonclassofproblemand
7、theAHPhasnumerousapplicationsbutalsosomelimitationswhichwillbediscussedattheendofthissection.BeforegivingsomeworkedexamplesoftheAHP,weneedfirsttoexplaintheunderlyingideas.Youdonotneedtounderstandmatrixalgebratofollowthelineofargumentbutyouwillneedthatma
8、thematicalabilityactuallytoapplytheAHP.Takeheart,thisistheonlypartofthebookwhichusesanymathematics.THEBASICPRINCIPLESOFTHEAHPThemathematicsoftheAHPandthecalculationtechniquesarebrieflyexplainedinAnnexAbutitsessenceistoconstructam
