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1、WhyNationsFailFBBVALectureDaronAcemogluandJamesRobinsonMITMay21,2012.Acemoglu&Robinson(MIT)WhyNationsFailMay21,2012.1/47IntroductionTheLayoftheLandWesternOffshoots1098loggdppercapita7WesternEuropeLatinAmericaAsiaAfrica6100012001400160018002000yearFigure:TheevolutionofaverageGDPpercapitainWesternO¤s
2、hoots,WesternEurope,LatinAmerica,AsiaandAfrica,1000-2000.Acemoglu&Robinson(MIT)WhyNationsFailMay21,2012.2/47MainConceptsInclusiveandExtractiveInstitutionsInstitutionalOriginsFrameworkbasedonAcemogluandRobinsonWhyNationsFail:TheOriginsofPower,Prosperity,andPoverty.Economicgrowthbroughtforthby:Inclus
3、iveeconomicinstitutions:Securepropertyrights,lawandorder,marketsandstatesupport(publicservicesandregulation)formarkets;opentorelativelyfreeentryofnewbusinesses;upholdcontracts;accesstoeducationandopportunityforthegreatmajorityofcitizens,i.e.,createincentivesforinvestmentandinnovationandalevelplayin
4、g…eld.ButmostsocietiesthroughouthistoryandtodayruledbyExtractiveeconomicinstitutions:Designedbythepoliticallypowerfulelitestoextractresourcesfromtherestofsociety.Acemoglu&Robinson(MIT)WhyNationsFailMay21,2012.3/47MainConceptsInclusiveandExtractiveInstitutionsSynergiesInclusiveandextractiveeconomici
5、nstitutionsdonotexistinavacuum,butaresupportedbycertainpoliticalinstitutions.Extractivepoliticalinstitutions—inthelimit“absolutism”:Politicalinstitutionsconcentratingpowerinthehandsofafew,withoutconstraints,checksandbalancesor“ruleoflaw”.Inclusivepoliticalinstitutions:Politicalinstitutionsallowingb
6、roadparticipation—pluralism—andplacingconstraintsandchecksonpoliticians;ruleoflaw(closelyrelatedtopluralism).EconomicInstitutionsInclusiveExtractivePoliticalInclusive
