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1、OpticalEngineering499,091002September2010ShorthistoryoflaserdevelopmentJeffHechtAbstract.HalfacenturyhaspassedsinceTheodoreMaimanssmall525AuburnStreetrubyrodcrossedthethresholdoflaseremission.Thebreakthroughdem-Auburndale,Massachusetts02466onstration
2、earnedheadlines,butintheearlyyearsthelaserwascalledE-mail:jeff@jeffhecht.comasolutionlookingforaproblem,andtherewasagermoftruthinthejoke.Yearsofdevelopmentsincethenhavevastlyimprovedlaserper-formance,andtremendouslyincreasedtheirvariety,earninglasersim-p
3、ortantrolesinscienti?cresearch,consumerproducts,telecommunica-tions,engineering,medicine,materialsworking,andahostofotherapplications.Thisarticlereviewsthehighlightsofthosedevelopmentsandputsthemintocontext,showinghowlasertechnologyhasevolvedtomeetapplic
4、ationrequirements.?2010SocietyofPhoto-OpticalInstrumentationEngineers.DOI:10.1117/1.3483597Subjectterms:lasers;history;laserapplications.Paper100010SSRreceivedJan.5,2010;revisedmanuscriptreceivedJun.11,2010;acceptedforpublicationJun.19,2010;publishedon
5、lineSep.1,2010.1Introductionhalf-centurysinceTheodoreMaimancrossedthethresholdofthelaserageonMay16,1960,atHughesResearchThelaserisoftengroupedwiththetransistorandthecom-Laboratories.Thisshortarticlecannotcoverthathistoryinputeraslandmarkinventionsofthemi
6、d-20thcentury.Allthedetailitdeserves.ItisimpossibletolistallsigniTcantthreetechnologieshaddeepconceptualroots,andgrewanddevelopmentsofthepast50years,ortocreditallthe?oweredrapidlyintheyearsaftertheendofWorldWarII.peoplewhomadeimportantcontributionsduring
7、thattime.TheybeneTttedfromheavygovernmentandcorporatein-Instead,Ihavefocusedonbroadtrendsinthetechnology,vestmentinphysicalresearch,arapidgrowthinthenum-notingsomemilestonesalongtheway,andhopingthatIbersofphysicistsandengineers,andalegacyofideasandhaveno
8、toverlookedtoomuch.ThetimelineintheAppen-equipmentfromthewaryears.Itwasaneraofwidespreaddixlistskeyeventscoveredinthisarticlethrough2002,buttechnologicalprogressandoptimism,temperedbyfearsisnotintendedtobecomprehensive.tha
