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1、英語中的各種變化規(guī)則1.可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)(PluralForm)的構(gòu)成情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞及讀音一般情況加-s清輔音后/s/濁輔音和元音后/z/在ce,se,ze,(d)ge后/Iz/cakes/keIks/bags/bQgs/faces/èfeIsIz/oranges/èrIndZIz/以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的詞★加-es讀/Iz/buses/èb?sIz/watches/èwtSIz/以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加-es讀/z/babies/èbeIbIz/families/èfQm?lIz
2、/部分以f(e)結(jié)尾的詞▲變f(e)為ves讀/vz/knives/naIvz/halves/hAùvz/以o結(jié)尾的詞●加-s或-es(多數(shù)單詞)讀/z/zoos/zuùz/photos/èf?Ut?Uz/tomatoes/t?èmeIt?Uz/◆在th后多讀/s/，如：cloths/clTs/months/m?nTs/myths/mITs/◆th前有長(zhǎng)元音或雙元音時(shí)讀作/z/：sheath/SiùT/----sheaths/SiùDz/path/pAùT/----paths/pAùDz/oath/?UT
3、/----oaths/?UDz/mouth/maUT/----mouths/maUDz/wreath/riùT/----wreaths/riùDz/bath/bAùT/----baths/bAùDz/youth/juùT/----youths/juùDz/或/juùTs/truth/truùT/----truths/truùDz/或/truùTs/★如果詞尾的ch發(fā)/k/音，要加-s：monarch→monarchs;stomach→stomachs;epoch→epochs●以下幾類詞只加-s：①以“元
4、音+o”或“oo”結(jié)尾的詞：videos,radios,studios,zoos,bamboos,kangaroos,taboos(禁忌)②一些外來詞，特別是音樂方面的詞：pianos,tobaccos,mottos,manifestos(宣言)③一些縮寫詞和專有名詞：kilos,photos,memos(備忘錄),Eskimos(愛斯基摩人),Filipinos(菲律賓人)▲有些以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞只加-s，讀作/fs/：roofs,cliffs(懸崖),proofs,beliefs,chiefs,g
5、riefs,gulfs2.名詞的所有格1(ThePossessiveCaseofNouns)情況構(gòu)成方法讀音例詞及讀音一般情況下，不以s結(jié)尾的名詞加’s在清輔音后讀/s/在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/在/s//z//S//tS//dZ/等音后讀/Iz/Mike’s/maIks/girl’s/g?ù(r)lz/mother’s/èm?D?(r)z/George’s/èdZùdZIz/Marx’s/èmAùksIz/以s結(jié)尾的名詞加’讀音不變students’parents’3.be動(dòng)詞的變化形式人稱現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)過去時(shí)
6、態(tài)肯定及縮略式否定及縮略式肯定及縮略式否定及縮略式第一人稱單數(shù)am(’m)amnot(’mnot)waswasnot(wasn’t)復(fù)數(shù)are(’re)arenot(aren’t/’renot)werewerenot(weren’t)第二人稱單數(shù)are(’re)arenot(aren’t/’renot)werewerenot(weren’t)復(fù)數(shù)第三人稱單數(shù)is(’s)isnot(isn’t/’snot)waswasnot(wasn’t)復(fù)數(shù)are(’re)arenot(aren’t/’renot)wer
7、ewerenot(weren’t)4.have的各種形式肯定否定縮略式形式肯定式縮略肯定式否定式縮略否定式原形have’vehavenothaven’t,’venot現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)has’shasnothasn’t,’snot過去式had’dhadnothadn’t,’dnot現(xiàn)在分詞havingnothaving過去分詞had總結(jié)：he’s中的’s的非簡(jiǎn)略式應(yīng)該為has或is，而不可能是was.5.do的各種形式肯定否定縮略式形式肯定式否定式縮略否定式原形dodonotdon’t現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)d
8、oesdoesnotdoesn’t過去式diddidnotdidn’t6.will,would,shall,should肯定式縮略肯定式否定式縮略否定式will’llwillnotwon’t,’llnotwould’dwouldnotwouldn’t,’dnotshall’llshallnotshan’tshouldshouldnotshouldn’toughtto的否定式是在ought后加not，疑問式是將ought提前。u
