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1、噪聲與振動(dòng)控制技術(shù)主講:盛美萍Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity西北工業(yè)大學(xué)精品課程專業(yè)核心課程振動(dòng)與噪聲控制技術(shù)本講內(nèi)容Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity阻尼作用及產(chǎn)生機(jī)理阻尼材料與阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity阻尼作用及產(chǎn)生機(jī)理彈性結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)阻尼的定義阻尼的作用Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniver
2、sity阻尼產(chǎn)生機(jī)理1,工程材料內(nèi)阻尼2,流體的粘滯阻尼3,結(jié)合面阻尼與庫侖摩擦阻尼4,沖擊阻尼5,磁電效應(yīng)阻尼Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity工程材料內(nèi)阻尼產(chǎn)生機(jī)理在應(yīng)力作用下分子或晶體之間產(chǎn)生相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)、滑移,消耗能量。BOCDA應(yīng)變應(yīng)力PProf.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity流體的粘滯阻尼產(chǎn)生機(jī)理結(jié)構(gòu)和流體接觸表面產(chǎn)生能量損耗。無粘流體粘滯流體Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniv
3、ersity結(jié)合面阻尼與庫侖摩擦阻尼產(chǎn)生機(jī)理零件表面接觸并承受動(dòng)態(tài)載荷,產(chǎn)生阻尼。OO’BCPC’B’P’Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity沖擊阻尼產(chǎn)生機(jī)理通過附加沖擊塊,將主系統(tǒng)振動(dòng)能量轉(zhuǎn)換成沖擊塊的振動(dòng)能量。Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity磁電效應(yīng)阻尼產(chǎn)生機(jī)理機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)換成電能的過程中,由磁電效應(yīng)產(chǎn)生阻尼。磁極金屬導(dǎo)磁片Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversityProf
4、.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity阻尼材料與阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)阻尼材料1,粘彈性阻尼材料2,阻尼涂料3,瀝青型阻尼材料4,復(fù)合型阻尼金屬板材5,阻尼合金6,其它Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity粘彈性阻尼材料分類:橡膠類、塑料類特性:隨溫度變化,隨頻率變化Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity粘彈性阻尼材料隨溫度變化特性Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolyte
5、chnicalUniversity粘彈性阻尼材料隨頻率變化特性Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity粘彈性阻尼材料耗能綜合特性Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity阻尼涂料組成:高分子樹脂等用途:飛機(jī)、船舶、車輛、各種機(jī)械涂刷注意點(diǎn):多次涂刷、干透再刷。Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity瀝青型阻尼材料用途:汽車等分類:熔融型、熱熔型、自黏型、磁性型。Prof.ShengMei
6、pingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity復(fù)合型阻尼金屬板材構(gòu)成:兩塊金屬板之間夾以粘彈性高分子材料用途:汽車、飛機(jī)、潛艇、電機(jī)、風(fēng)機(jī)等。特點(diǎn):衰減性好、耐熱性好、機(jī)械性好、焊接性好、阻燃性等好。Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity阻尼合金Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity其它阻尼材料玻璃狀阻尼陶瓷抗靜電阻尼材料抗沖擊隔熱阻尼材料Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytech
7、nicalUniversity阻尼基本結(jié)構(gòu)分類:離散型的阻尼器件附加型的阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity離散型的阻尼器件分類:減振器(隔振器)吸振器Prof.ShengMeipingNorthwesternPolytechnicalUniversity附加型的阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)分類:直接黏附的阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)(自由層阻尼、約束層阻尼)(多層約束阻尼、插條式阻尼)直接附加固定的阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)(封沙阻尼、空氣擠壓薄膜阻尼)直接固定組合的阻尼結(jié)構(gòu)(結(jié)合面阻尼)Pro