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1、TheLinguisticAbilityofSemanticIntegration:EvidencefromPropositionEntailmentinChineseWilliamsSyndromeJeanC.-F.HsuOvidJ.-L.TzengDaisyL.HungNationalYangMingUniversityLaboratoryforCognitiveNeuropsychologyAbstractThisstudyinvestigatesthehypothesisofselectiveimpairmentinmeaningrelativetoforminthelanguage
2、processingofindividualswithWilliamsSyndrome.IthasbeenknownthatindividualswithWShavesparedgrammaticalknowledgeevenwithmentalretardation(averageIQof55orbelow)andpoorcognition.PastresearchalsohasshownthatindividualswithWShavepreservednormalverbalworkingmemoryandsuchintactverbalabilityhasbeenthoughttob
3、eresponsiblefortheirrelativelygoodlanguageperformance(Wang&Bellugi,1994;Jerrold,Baddely,&Hewes,1999;Vicari,Brizzolara,Carlesimo,Pezzini,&Volterra,1996;Vicari,Carlesimo,Brizzolara,andPezzini,1996;Karmiloff-Smith,Grant,Berthoud,Davies,Howlin,&Udwin,1997;Robinson,Mervis,&Robinson,2003;Laing,E.,Grant,J
4、.,Thomas,M.S.C.&Karmiloff-Smith,A.,inpress).Withagoodverbalmemorybutadeficitincognitiveability,individualswithWSarehypothesizedtorelyheavilyonverbalworkingmemoryinlearninglanguage.ThismayexplainthefindingthatthegrammaticalknowledgeofWSindividualsisstrongwhiletheirsemanticunderstandingmightbeweak(Zu
5、kowski,2001;Grant,Valian,andKarmiloff-Smith,2002).Inotherwords,theseindividualsmighthaveselectivedissociationofformfrommeaninginlinguisticability.Inordertoexaminethisissue,aBransford&Franks’recognitionparadigm(1972)wasemployed.Participantsweretrainedtoimplicitlylearnaseriesofsentenceswhichwerecompo
6、sedofdifferenteventsfromvarioussupersetsentences,andlatertomakerecognitionjudgmentsabouteachsentenceastowhetherithadbeenheardbefore.Theywereaskedtoassignarecognitionconfidenceratingvalueforeachjudgment.Twosetsofexperimentswereconducted.Thefirstsetinvolvedexperimentsinwhichrecognitionscoreandconfide
7、nceratingsofnewandoldsentenceswerecomparedacrosstheunimpairedandindividualswithWS(ExperimentsI&II).Accordingtoformandmeaningselectiveimpairmenthypothesis,itwasexpectedthatindividualswithWSwouldshowahighreje
