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1、TransmissionandWindEnergy:CapturingthePrevailingWindsfortheBenefitofCustomersnaattionionalgrdTransmissionandWindEnergy:CapturingthePrevailingWindsfortheBenefitofCustomersSeptember2006TableofContentsPageExecutiveSummary1DrivingTrends3RegulatoryandPublicPolicy3Indus
2、tryDevelopments4ChallengesofWindPower6ReliableandSustainableWindOperation6Intermittency6WindForecasting7ElectricityStorage7ImbalanceCharges8CapacityValue8GettingInterconnected9WindSourceRemoteness9Micrositing10StatusofUSTransmissionInfrastructure10InterconnectionP
3、rocessandQueueIssues11Project-by-projectApproach11Deliverability12NeedforEffectiveRegionalPlanningandEffectiveTransmissionPolicies12ProblemswithExistingUSTransmissionPlanning14KeyConsiderationsforRenewables14RenewableTrunkLines14LinkingStateRPSProgramswithComprehe
4、nsiveTransmissionPlanning15CooperationAmongStates15IncentivesforTransmissionInvestmentandIndependenceCanHelpWindDevelopment16TransmissionIncentives16Conclusion17AppendixA:ProblemswithExistingUSTransmissionPlanning18NotGearedtoComprehensiveRegionalNeeds18MayNotFaci
5、litateLongTransmissionLeadTimes18TooNarrowlyFocusedonMinimumReliabilityRequirements18TransmissionisOftenMistakenlyConsideredaMarketProduct19AchievingEffectiveRegionalPlanning19CriticalComponentsofEffectiveRegionalPlanning19ExecutiveSummaryThepotentialbenefitsofwin
6、dpowerasaclean,renewable,economic,domesticallyavail-ablepowersourcehavecapturedtheattentionofenergypolicyleaders,consumers,andtheelectricityindustry.TheUnitedStates(US)hastremendouswindenergyresources.CaliforniaisviewedasoneoftheleadersinthemodernUSwindindustryint
7、ermsofcapacityinstalled;however,16otherstateshaveevengreaterwindpotential.Onlyasmallportionofthatpotentialhasbeentapped.TheUScurrentlyderivesapproximately1%ofitselectricityfromwindpower,whereaspartsofEuropeusewindpowertomeetupto25%ormoreoftheirelectricityneeds.In2
8、005,windpowerintheUSgrewrapidlyandbecamemorecompetitiveasvolatilenatu-ralgaspricesincreasedandcrudeoilpricesreachedrecordhighs.Improvedtechnology,federa
