資源描述:
《Lesson 20 The Hydraulic System and Equipment》由會員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Lesson20TheHydraulicSystemandEquipment第20課液壓系統(tǒng)和液壓設(shè)備HydraulicSystems液壓系統(tǒng)Hydraulicsystemsaremadeupofanoiltank,pumps,controlvalve,hydraulicmotorandpipework.Theoiltankandpumpiscommontoallequipmentactingasacentralpumpingunit.Threedifferentbasiccircuitsareused,employingeitherlowormedium
2、pressureoilsupplies.液壓系統(tǒng)由油箱、油泵、控制閥、液壓馬達(dá)和管路構(gòu)成。油箱和油泵作為中央泵組,為所有設(shè)備公用。無論是低壓還是中壓供油單元中,都采用三種基本的回路。Theopenloopcircuittakesoilfromthetankandpumpsitthroughacontrolvalveintothehydraulicmotor.Theexhaustoilreturnstothetankandinneutraltheoilbypassesthehydraulicmotor.Thelivelinecircuitmaintainsa
3、highpressurefromwhichthecontrolvalvedrawspressurizedoiltothehydraulicmotorasandwhenrequired.Theclosedloopcircuithastheexhaustoilreturnedtothepumpsuction.Thepumpisofthevariabledeliverytype,providingmaximumflexibilityinoilsupplytotheequipment.Lowpressuresystemsusetheopenloopcircuita
4、ndaresimpleindesignaswellasreliable.Theequipmentishoweverlarge,inefficientinoperationandoverheatsafterprolongeduse.Mediumpressuresystemsarefavoredformarineapplicationsusingeithertheopenorclosedcircuit.Smallerinstallationsareoftheopenloopcircuittype.開式回路從油箱吸油,并經(jīng)過控制閥將油泵送到液壓馬達(dá)。排油回到油箱
5、,在中位時,經(jīng)過液壓馬達(dá)油液旁通。在需要的情況下,根據(jù)液壓系統(tǒng)的要求,控制閥將壓力油送至液壓馬達(dá),這部分液壓管路一直保持高壓。在閉式回路中排油回到泵的吸入口。油泵是變量式油泵,使得向設(shè)備的供油有了極大的靈活性。低壓系統(tǒng)多采用開式回路,并且設(shè)計簡單,工作可靠。然而設(shè)備體積大,操作效率低,長時間運(yùn)行會發(fā)熱。船用裝置中,無論是開式回路還是閉式回路,采用中壓系統(tǒng)都是最適合的。小型裝置采用開式回路。Manyreasonscanbesuggestedfortheuseofhydraulicsystemsinmarineengineering:輪機(jī)工程方面采用液壓系統(tǒng)的
6、理由:(a)Aconvenientmethodoftransferringpoweroverrelativelylongdistancesfrom,say,acentralpumproomtoremoteoperatingsitesintheship:wherenecessary,completelocalcontrolofoperationscanbeachieved;A.在相當(dāng)長的距離上,比如說從船上的中央泵到遙控處所,是方便的傳動方式,當(dāng)必要時可以實(shí)現(xiàn)完全的機(jī)旁控制。(b)Fullyvariablespeedcontrolofbothlinearan
7、drotarymotion,withgood“inching”capabilityandsmoothtakeupofload;Inallcasespoweriscontinuouslytransmittedwhilstspeedchangestakeplace;B.在直線運(yùn)動和回轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動上可以實(shí)現(xiàn)無級變速,具有良好的微速性能和平穩(wěn)的負(fù)載能力,在任何變速情況下都可以連續(xù)地傳遞動力。(c)Highstaticforcesortorquescanbeachievedandmaintainedindefinitely;C.可以實(shí)現(xiàn)并長時間保持靜態(tài)力或者靜扭矩(d)C
8、ompletesafetyandreliabilityisassu