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1、JMaterCyclesWasteManag(2010)12:30–40?Springer2010DOI10.1007/s10163-009-0274-0ORIGINALARTICLEMushtaqAhmedMemonIntegratedsolidwastemanagementbasedonthe3RapproachReceived:February25,2008/Accepted:December10,2009AbstractIntegratedsolidwastemanagement(ISWM)intoISWMsy
2、stemstoreplaceconventionalSWMsystems.basedonthe3Rapproach(reduce,reuse,andrecycle)isThisarticlefurtherdiscussestheimplementationprocessaimedatoptimizingthemanagementofsolidwastefromforISWM.Theprocessincludesabaselinestudyontheallthewaste-generatingsectors(munici
3、pal,constructioncharacterizationandquanti?cationofwasteforallwasteanddemolition,industrial,urbanagriculture,andhealthcaregeneratingsectorswithinacity,assessmentofcurrentwastefacilities)andinvolvingallthestakeholders(wastegenera-managementsystemsandpractices,targ
4、etsettingfortors,serviceproviders,regulators,government,andcom-ISWM,identi?cationofissuesofconcernandsuggestionsmunity/neighborhoods).Thisarticlediscussestheconceptfromstakeholders,developmentofadraftISWMplan,ofsolidwastemanagement(SWM).Initially,SWMwaspreparati
5、onofanimplementationstrategy,andestablish-aimedatreducingtheriskstopublichealth,andlaterthementofamonitoringandfeedbacksystem.UNEPisassist-environmentalaspectalsobecameanimportantfocusofingmembercountriesandtheircitiestodevelopanISWMSWM.Recently,anotherdimension
6、isbecomingacriticalplancoveringallthewastegeneratingsectorswithinaspe-factorforSWM,i.e.,resourceconservationandresourceci?cgeographicaloradministrativeareasuchasacityorrecovery.Hence,the3Rapproachisbecomingaguidingmunicipality.Thisumbrellaapproachisusefultogener
7、atefactorforSWM.Ontheonehand,3Rhelpstominimizesuf?cientvolumesofrecyclingmaterialsrequiredtomaketheamountofwastefromgenerationtodisposal,thusman-recyclingindustriesfeasible.Thisisalsohelpfulforef?cientagingthewastemoreeffectivelyandminimizingthepublicreallocatio
8、nofresourcesforSWMsuchascollectionhealthandenvironmentalrisksassociatedwithit.Onthevehicles,transferstations,treatmentplants,anddisposalotherhand,resourcerecoveryisma
