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1、EnglishTeaching’sEffectonEducationalPsychologyCourse:PsychologyofLanguageTeacherInstructor:Lin,CuiMajor:EnglishEducationClass:2Grade:3Name:Tommy(張強(qiáng))No.20091109040024EnglishTeaching’sEffectonEducationalPsychologyAbstract:Psychologyisascience,andteachingisanart;andsciencesneverg
2、enerateartsdirectlyoutofthemselves.Anintermediateinventivemindmustmakethatapplication,byusingitsoriginality.Keywords:educationalpsychology,methodology,Behavioralperspective,Cognitiveperspective,Constructivistperspective.IntroductionEducationalpsychologydoesnotclaimpriorityinth
3、esystematicanalysisofeducationalprocesses.PhilosophersofeducationsuchasDemocritus,Quintilian,Vives,andComenius,hadexamined,classified,andjudgedthemethodsofeducationcenturiesbeforethebeginningsofpsychologyinthelate1800s.Instead,aspirationsofthenewdisciplinerestedontheapplicatio
4、nofthescientificmethodsofobservationandexperimentationtoeducationalquestions.Evenintheearliestyearsofthediscipline,educationalpsychologistsrecognizedthelimitationsofthisnewapproach.InhisfamousseriesoflecturesTalkstoTeachersonPsychology,publishedin1899andnowregardedasthefirsted
5、ucationalpsychologytextbook,thepioneeringAmericanpsychologistWilliamJamescommentedthat:Psychologyisascience,andteachingisanart;andsciencesnevergenerateartsdirectlyoutofthemselves.Anintermediateinventivemindmustmakethatapplication,byusingitsoriginality.EdwardL.Thorndikedevelope
6、dthetheoryofinstrumentalconditioningand,insodoing,createdthefoundationofeducationalpedagogy.Hismethodemphasizeduseofrepetition,useofrewardsandpunishments,andtheuseoftimeperiodbreaksbetweenteachingsimilarsubjects.ThoughThorndike'stheoryhasnotbeenpopularsincethe1960sintheUnitedS
7、tates,histhoughtpresagedlaterworkonprogrammedImasterylearning,andcomputerbasedlearning:instruction.If,byamiracleofmechanicalingenuity,abookcouldbesoarrangedthatonlytohimwhohaddonewhatwasdirectedonpageonewouldpagetwobecomevisible,andsoon,muchthatnowrequirespersonalinstructionco
8、uldbemanagedbyprint.Thorndike'sviewwassimilartoB.F.Skinner'so
