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1、Chapter2TheValuesandWorldviewofChineseCivilizationBythemid-Neolithicperiod,sevenoreightthousandyearsago,arelativelystableagrarianeconomyhadalreadyformedinbothnorthernandsouthernChina.TheprehistoricagricultureofChina’sYellowRiverandYangtzeregionsatthistimehadalreadymovedbeyondprimevalslasha
2、ndburnagriculture.Duetotherichnessofloessandcropresistancetoaridconditionsanddrought,intensivefarminghadalreadydevelopedintheCentralPlainsandnorthernChina,whereuseofstonetoolspredominatedandtheirrigationofmajorwaterwayswasnotreliedon.Becauseofthis,incontrasttoMesopotamiaandEgypt,althoughea
3、rlyChineseCivilizationalsoaroseinregionsalongthemiddleandlowerstretchestheYellowRiverandYangtze,China’sagrarianeconomyneverthelessledearlyChinesecivilizationawayfrombecomingacivilizationofirrigationofmajorwaterways.TheslowbutsteadymaturationofChineseagriculturecametoin?uencetheentiretyofth
4、edevelopmentofitscivilization.ArcheologistsdescribeChinesecivilizationashavingoriginatedtenthousandyearsago,evolvingfromtribalclanshipintoearlyancientnation-statesbeginningaround?vethousandyearsago,1andthenultimatelydevelopingfromdiversesourcesintoauni?edempire.ThischapterwastranslatedbyRo
5、bertCarleoIII.AllquotationsfromChinesetextsinthischapterarealsoCarleo’s,unlessotherwisenoted.Thecontentofthischapterwaspresentedaspartofa2012lectureseriesheldinSeoulbytheKoreanAcademicResearchCouncilandDaewooFund.1SuBingqi蘇秉琦,Zhongguowenmingqiyuanxintan中國文明起源新探(HongKong:ShangwuYinshuguan,1
6、997),142.?SpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd.andSDXJointPublishing201725L.Chen,TheCoreValuesofChineseCivilization,DOI10.1007/978-981-10-3367-4_2262TheValuesandWorldviewofChineseCivilization2.1TheEthicalSpiritofEarlyChineseCivilizationAgreatmanypeoplesoftheworldhavelivedintribalclansorganizedbyr
7、elationsofkinship.However,veryfewexhibittheisomorphismofclanorganizationandpoliticalrightsfoundinthesocietyofearlyChinesecivilization.InancientChinesecivilization,thesitesofancestraltemplesbecamecentersofearlysettlement,andtheinheritanceofpoliticalandancestral
