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1、SHAPINGEFFECTIVESENTENCES（III）SentenceEmphasisI.IntroductionEffectivesentencesputspotlightonmainideas,thuslettingreadersknowwhichelementsofthesentencearemostimportant.Theappropriatearrangementofasentence’spartscancallattentiontoanideawithinthesentence.Thissectionpresentssometechniquestogaine
2、mphasis.II.PresentationA.PeriodicsentencesThemostcommonlyusedtypeofsentenceisthelooseconstruction,whichbeginswiththemainideainanindependentclause,followedbylessimportantideasordetails.Inaperiodicsentence,however,themainideacomeslast,justbeforetheperiod.Effectivelywrittenperiodicsentencesaree
3、speciallyusefultobuildtensionorprovideemphasis.LOOSE:Thishousewasthelastofallthebeautifulcentury-oldcottageswehadtriedfutilelytoprotect.PERIODIC:Ofallthebeautifulcentury-oldcottageswehadtriedfutilelytoprotect,thishousewasthelast.LOOSE:Don’torderspaghettiwhenyougotoanimportantbusinesslunch,wh
4、ereyoumustpresentaneat,efficient,controlledimage.PERIODIC:Whenyougotoanimportantbusinesslunch,whereyoumustpresentaneat,efficient,controlledimage,don’torderspaghetti.Whenexaggerated,aperiodicsentencenotonlycallsattentiontotheideaattheendbutalsomakesthesentencefairlydramatic.EXAGGERATED:Though
5、dogsaremessyandhardtotrain,thoughtheychewupmyshoesandgivemetheblues,thoughtheyhowllikewolvesbutjumpattheirownshadows,thoughtheyeatmeoutofhouseandhome—Ilovethemall.Inthenextexample,anintroductoryadverbclauseandtheparenthetical“youmayask”delaythepointandthusaddtothehumorofthequestion—whenitfin
6、allycomes.EXAGGERATED:Ifmanhasbenefitedimmeasurablybyhisassociationwiththedog,what,youmayask,hasthedoggotoutofit?B.CumulativesentencesThecumulativesentenceisanexaggeratedloosestructurethatbeginswithanindependentclauseandthenaddsdetailsinphrasesandotherclauses.Theyareusefulwhenyouwanttoprovid
7、ebothimmediateunderstandingofthemainideaandagreatdealofsupportingdetail.Inthefollowingsentencesalongseriesofmodifiersareusedtoproduceacumulativeeffect.鬢苦若CUMULATIVE:Heemptiedthemthoroughly,unhurried,hisfacecold,masklikealmost.CUMULATIVE:Grantwasone
