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1、THEPSYCHOLOGICALREALITYOFPHONAESTHEMESBENJAMINK.BERGENUniversityofHawai’iatManoaThepsychologicalrealityofEnglishphonaesthemesisdemonstratedthroughaprimingexperi-mentwithnativespeakersofAmericanEnglish.Phonaesthemesarewell-representedsound-meaningpairings,suchasEnglishgl-,whichoccursin
2、numerouswordswithmeaningsrelatingtolightandvision.Intheexperiment,phonaesthemes,despitebeingnoncompositionalinnature,displayedprimingeffectsmuchlikethosethathavebeenreportedforcompositionalmorphemes.Theseeffectscouldnotbeexplainedastheresultofsemanticorphonologicalpriming,eitheraloneo
3、rincombination.Theresultssupportaviewofthelexiconinwhichsharedformandmeaningacrosswordsisakeyfactorintheirrelatedness,andinwhichmorphologicalcompositionisnotrequiredforinternalwordstructuretoplayaroleinlanguageprocessing.*1.INTRODUCTION.Phonaesthemes(Firth1930)arefrequentlyrecurringso
4、und-meaningpairingsthatarenotclearlycontrastivemorphemes.AnexampleistheEnglishonsetgl-(Wallis1699,Bloomfield1933),which,likeotherphonaesthemes,isrelativelyinfrequentinEnglish,exceptamongwordswithmeaningsrelatedto‘vision’and‘light’.Someoftheseareexemplifiedin1a.Anotherwell-documentedph
5、onaestheme(Wallis1699,Bloomfield1933)istheEnglishonsetsn-,whichoccursinalargenumberofwordsrelatingto‘mouth’and‘nose’(1b).(1)a.gl-‘light,vision’glimmer,glisten,glitter,gleam,glow,glint,etc.b.sn-‘nose,mouth’snore,snack,snout,snarl,snort,sniff,sneeze,etc.Whenviewedsimplyasstatisticallyab
6、errantdistributionsofsound-meaningpairingsinthelexicon,phonaesthemesarefoundtobepervasiveinhumanlanguages.TheyhavebeendocumentedinsuchdiverselanguagesasEnglish(Wallis1699,Firth1930,Marchand1959,Bolinger1949,1980),Indonesian(McCune1983)andotherAustrone-sianlanguages(Blust1988),Japanese
7、(Hamano1998),Ojibwa(Rhodes1981),andSwedish(Abelin1999).Whileitisdifficulttoestablishreliableestimatesofhowmanyoftheworld’slanguagescontainphonaesthemes,orhowmanywordsinagivenlanguage’slexiconhavephonaesthemesinthem,everysystematicstudyofaparticularlanguagehasproducedresultssuggestingt
8、hatth
