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1、Chapter12ImprovingHearingPerformanceUsingNaturalAuditoryCodingStrategiesFrankRattayAbstractSoundtransferfromthehumaneartothebrainisbasedonthreequitedifferentneuralcodingprincipleswhenthecontinuoustemporalauditorysourcesignalissentasbinarycodeinexcellentqualityvia30,000nerve?bersperear.Cochleari
2、mplantsarewell-acceptedneuralprosthesesforpeoplewithsensoryhearingloss,butcurrentlythedevicesareinspiredonlybythetonotopicprinciple.Accordingtothisprinciple,everysoundfrequencyismappedtoaspeci?cplacealongthecochlea.Byelectricalstimulation,thefrequencycontentoftheacousticsignalisdistributedviafe
3、wcontactsoftheprosthesistocorrespondingplacesandgeneratesspikesthere.Incontrasttothenaturalsituation,thearti?ciallyevokedinformationcontentintheauditorynerveisquitepoor,especiallybecausetherichnessofthetemporal?nestructureoftheneuralpatternisreplacedbya?ringpatternthatisstronglysynchronizedwith
4、anarti?cialcycleduration.Improvementinhearingperformanceisexpectedbyinvolvingmoreoftheingeniousstrategiesdevelopedduringevolution.12.1TheHairCellTransformsMechanicalintoNeuralSignalsTheexceptionalperformanceandtheextremehighsensitivityoftheauditorysystemareexcellentexamplesofevolution.Itwasdeve
5、lopedtogetherwiththelaterallineorganof?shes,asensoryorganthatconsistsofacanalrunningalongbothsidesofthebody,communicatingviasensoryporesthroughscalestotheexterior.Analyzingthevibrationsofthesurroundingwaterasspatialandtemporalfunctions,thelaterallinesystemhelpsthe?shtoavoidcollisions,toorientit
6、selfinrelationtowatercurrents,andtolocateprey.Thiswayitisatouchsenseoverdistance.F.Rattay()InstituteforAnalysisandScienti?cComputing,ViennaTechnicalUniversity,Vienna,Austriae-mail:frank.rattay@tuwien.ac.atP.Gruberetal.(eds.)BiomimeticsMaterials,StructuresandProcesses,Biological249andMedicalPhy
7、sics,BiomedicalEngineering,DOI10.1007/978-3-642-11934-712,?Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011250F.RattayFig.12.1Schemeofatypicalinnerhaircell(IHC).Themaintaskofhaircellsinsensorysystemsistodetectforceswhichde?ecttheirhairs(stereo
