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1、LogicforPhilosophyTheodoreSiderDecember4,2007PrefaceThisbookisanelementaryintroductiontothelogicthatstudentsofcontempo-raryphilosophyoughttoknow.Itcoversi)basicapproachestologic,includingprooftheoryandespeciallymodeltheory,ii)extensionsofstandardlogic(suchasmodallogic)th
2、atareimportantinphilosophy,andiii)someelementaryphilosophyoflogic.Itpreparesstudentstoreadthelogicallysophisticatedarticlesintoday’sphilosophyjournals,andhelpsthemresistbullyingbysymbol-mongerers.Inshort,itteachesthelogicnecessaryforbeingacontemporaryphilosopher.Forbette
3、rorforworse(Ithinkbetter),thelastcentury-or-so’sdevelopmentsinlogicarepartofthesharedknowledgebaseofphilosophers,andinform,invaryingdegreesofdirectness,everyareaofphilosophy.Logicispartofoursharedlanguageandinheritance.Thestandardphilosophycurriculumthereforeincludesahea
4、lthydoseoflogic.Thisisagoodthing.Buttheadvancedlogicthatispartofthiscurriculumisusuallyacoursein“mathematicallogic”,whichusuallymeansanintensivecourseinmetalogic(forexample,acoursebasedontheexcellentBoolosandJeffrey(1989).)Idobelieveinthevalueofsuchacourse.Butifadvancedu
5、ndergraduatephilosophymajorsorbeginninggraduatestudentsaretohaveoneadvancedlogiccourse,thatcourseshouldnot,Ithink,beacourseinmetalogic.Thestandardmetalogiccourseistoomathematicallydemandingfortheaveragephilosophystudent,andomitsmaterialthattheaveragestudentneedstoknow.If
6、thereistobeonlyoneadvancedlogiccourse,letitbeacoursedesignedtoinstilllogicalliteracy.Ibeginwithasketchofstandardpropositionalandpredicatelogic(de-velopedmoreformallythaninatypicalintrocourse.)Ibrieydiscussafewextensionsandvariationsoneach(e.g.,three-valuedlogic,de nited
7、escrip-tions).Ithendiscussmodallogicandcounterfactualconditionalsindetail.Ipresupposefamiliaritywiththecontentsofatypicalintrologiccourse:themeaningsofthelogicalsymbolsof rst-orderpredicatelogicwithoutidentityiPREFACEiiorfunctionsymbols;truthtables;translationsfromEnglis
8、hintopropositionalandpredicatelogic;someproofsystem(e.g.,naturaldeduction)inpropositionalandpredicatelo
