資源描述:
《A Minimalist Program for Linguistic Theory [Chomsky]》由會(huì)員上傳分享,免費(fèi)在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。
1、CompiledbyXiongJianguo2004-6-3Page1Chapter1—AMinimalistProgramforLinguisticTheoryNoamChomsky1—SomeGeneralConsiderationsLanguageanditsusehavebeenstudiedfromvariedpointsofview.Oneapproach,assumedhere,takeslanguagetobepartofthenaturalworld.Thehumanbrainprovidesanarrayofcapacitiesthatenterintotheus
2、eandunderstandingoflanguage(thelanguagefaculty);theseseemtobeingoodpartspecializedforthatfunctionandacommonhumanendowmentoveraverywiderangeofcircumstancesandconditions.Onecomponentofthelanguagefacultyisagenerativeprocedure(anI-language,henceforthlanguage)thatgeneratesstructuraldescriptions(SDs)
3、,eachacomplexofproperties,includingthosecommonlycalled''semantic"and"phonetic."TheseSDsaretheexpressionsofthelanguage.Thetheoryofaparticularlanguageisitsgrammar.ThetheoryoflanguagesandtheexpressionstheygenerateisUniversalGrammar(UG);UGisatheoryoftheinitialstateSoftherelevantcomponentofthelangua
4、gefaculty.Wecandistinguishthelanguage0fromaconceptualsystemandasystemofpragmaticcompetence.Evidencehasbeenaccumulatingthattheseinteractingsystemscanbeselectivelyimpairedanddevelopmentallydissociated(Curtiss1981,Yamada1990,SmithandTsimpli1991),andtheirpropertiesarequitedifferent.Astandardassumpt
5、ionisthatUGspecifiescertainlinguisticlevels,eachasymbolicsystem,oftencalleda"representationalsystem."Eachlinguisticlevelprovidesthemeansforpresentingcertainsystematicinformationaboutlinguisticexpressions.Eachlinguisticexpression(SD)isasequenceofrepresentations,oneateachlinguisticlevel.Invariant
6、softheExtendedStandardTheory(EST),eachSDisasequence(d,s,p,l),representationsattheD-Structure,S-Structure,PhoneticForm(PF),andLogicalForm(LF)levels,respectively.Page2Somebasicpropertiesoflanguageareunusualamongbiologicalsystems,notablythepropertyofdiscreteinfinity.Aworkinghypothesisingenerativeg
7、rammarhasbeenthatlanguagesarebasedonsimpleprinciplesthatinteracttoformoftenintricatestructures,andthatthelanguagefacultyisnonredundant,inthatparticularphenomenaarenot''over-determined"byprinciplesoflanguage.Thesetooareunexpectedfe