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1、ArthropodStructure&Development33(2004)187–199www.elsevier.com/locate/asdDesignandmechanicalpropertiesofinsectcuticleJulianF.V.Vincenta,*,UlrikeG.K.Wegstb,1aDepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,TheUniversityofBath,BathBA27AY,UKbMax-Planck-Institutfu¨rMetallforschung,Heisenbergstr.
2、3,D-70569Stuttgart,GermanyReceived15December2003;accepted29April2004AbstractSincenearlyalladultinsects?y,thecuticlehastoprovideaveryef?cientandlightweightskeleton.Informationisavailableaboutthemechanicalpropertiesofcuticle—Young’smodulusofresilinisabout1MPa,ofsoftcuticlesabout
3、1kPato50MPa,ofsclerotisedcuticles22231–20GPa;Vicker’sHardnessofsclerotisedcuticlerangesbetween25and80kgfmm;densityis1–1.3kgm—andoneofitscomponents,chitinnano?bres,theYoung’smodulusofwhichismorethan150GPa.Experimentsbasedonfracturemechanicshavenotbeenperformedalthoughthelayered
4、structureprobablyprovidessometoughening.Thestructuralperformanceofwingsandlegshasbeenmeasured,butourunderstandingoftheimportanceofbucklingislacking:itcanstiffenthestructure(byelasticpostbucklinginwings,forexample)orbeafailuremode.Weknownothingoffatigueproperties(yet,forinstanc
5、e,theinsectwingmustundergomillionsofcycles,?exingorbucklingoneachcycle).Theremarkablemechanicalperformanceandef?ciencyofcuticlecanbeanalysedandcomparedwiththoseofothermaterialsusingmaterialpropertychartsandmaterialindices.Presentedinthispaperarefour:Young’smodulus—density(stif
6、fnessperunitweight),speci?cYoung’smodulus—speci?cstrength(elastichinges,elasticenergystorageperunitweight),toughness—Young’smodulus(fractureresistanceundervariousloadingconditions),andhardness(wearresistance).Inconjunctionwithastructuralanalysisofcuticlethesechartshelptounders
7、tandtherelevanceofmicrostructure(?breorientationeffectsintendons,jointsandsenseorgans,forexample)andshape(includingsurfacestructure)ofthis?brouscompositeforagivenfunction.Withmoderntechniquesforanalysisofstructureandmaterial,andemphasisonnanocompositesandself-assembly,insectcu
8、ticleshouldbethearchetypeforcompositesatalllevelsofscale.q200
