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1、AnIntroductiontoPythonforUNIX/CProgrammersGuidovanRossumCWI,P.O.Box94079,1090GBAmsterdamEmail:guido@cwi.nlAbstractPythonisaninterpreted,object-orientedlanguagesuitableformanypurposes.Ithasaclear,intuitivesyntax,powerfulhigh-leveldatastructures,anda?exibl
2、edynamictypesystem.Pythoncanbeusedinteractively,instand-alonescripts,forlargeprograms,orasanextensionlanguageforexistingapplications.ThelanguagerunsonUNIX,Macintosh,andDOSmachines.Sourceanddocumentationareavailablebyanonymousftp.Pythoniseasilyextensiblet
3、hroughmoduleswritteninCorC++,andcanalsobeembeddedinapplicationsasalibrary.ExistingextensionsprovideaccesstomoststandardUNIXlibraryfunctionsandsystemcalls(includingprocessesmanagement,socketandioctloperations),aswellastolargepackageslikeX11/Motif.Thereare
4、alsoanumberofsystem-speci?cextensions,e.g.tointerfacetotheSunandSGIaudiohardware.AlargelibraryofstandardmoduleswritteninPythonalsoexists.ComparedtoC,Pythonprogramsaremuchshorter,andconsequentlymuchfastertowrite.IncomparisonwithPerl,Pythoncodeiseasiertore
5、ad,writeandmaintain.RelativetoTCL,Pythonisbettersuitedforlargerormorecomplicatedprograms.1.IntroductionPythonisanewkindofscriptinglanguage,andasmostscriptinglanguagesitisbuiltaroundaninter-preter.Manytraditionalscriptingandinterpretedlanguageshavesacri?c
6、edsyntacticclaritytosimplifyparserconstruction;considere.g.thepainfulsyntaxneededtocalculatethevalueofsimpleexpressionslikea+b*cinLisp,SmalltalkortheBourneshell.Others,e.g.APLandPerl,supportarithmeticexpres-sionsandotherconveniences,buthavemadecrypticone
7、-linersintoanartform,turningprogrammain-tenanceintoanightmare.Pythonprograms,ontheotherhand,areneitherhardtowritenorhardtoread,anditsexpressivepoweriscomparabletothelanguagesmentionedabove.YetPythonisnotbig:theentireinterpreter?tsin200kilobytesonaMacinto
8、sh,andthisevenincludesawindowinginterface!1Pythonisusedorproposedasanapplicationdevelopmentlanguageandasanextensionlanguagefornon-expertprogrammersbyseveralcommercialsoftwarevendors.Ithasalsobeenusedsuccessfullyforseverall
