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《Australian Government (1)》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在教育資源-天天文庫。
1、Australia'ssystemofgovernmentAustralia’ssystemofgovernmentisfoundedintheliberaldemocratictradition.Basedonthevaluesofreligioustolerance,freedomofspeechandassociation,andtheruleoflaw,Australia’sinstitutionsandpracticesofgovernmentreflectBritishandNorthAmericanmodels.At
2、thesametime,theyareuniquelyAustralian.ResponsiblegovernmentOneoftheoldestcontinuousdemocraciesintheworld,theCommonwealthofAustraliawascreatedin1901whentheformerBritishcolonies—nowthesixstates—agreedtofederate.Thedemocraticpracticesandprinciplesthatshapedthepre-federat
3、ioncolonialparliaments(suchas‘oneman,onevote’andwomen’ssuffrage)wereadoptedbyAustralia’sfirstfederalgovernment.TheAustraliancolonieshadinheritedanelectoraltraditionfromBritainthatincludedlimitedfranchiseandpublicandpluralvoting.Abusessuchasbriberyandintimidationofvote
4、rsstimulatedelectoralchange.Australiapioneeredreformsthatunderpintheelectoralpracticesofmoderndemocracies.·In1855,Victoriaintroducedthesecretballot,whichbecameknownthroughouttheworldas‘theAustralianballot’.·In1856,SouthAustraliaeliminatedprofessionalandpropertyqualifi
5、cationsandgavethevotetoalladultmen.·In1892gaveadultwomenthevote.·Inthe1890sthecoloniesadoptedtheprincipleofonevoteperperson,stoppingthepracticeofpluralvoting.Australia’sgovernmentisbasedonapopularlyelectedparliamentwithtwochambers:·TheHouseofRepresentatives·TheSenateM
6、inistersappointedfromthesechambersconductexecutivegovernment,andpolicydecisionsaremadeinCabinetmeetings.Apartfromtheannouncementofdecisions,Cabinetdiscussionsarenotdisclosed.MinistersareboundbytheprincipleofCabinetsolidarity,whichcloselymirrorstheBritishmodelofCabinet
7、governmentresponsibletoparliament.AlthoughAustraliaisanindependentnation,QueenElizabethIIofGreatBritainisalsoformallyQueenofAustralia.·TheQueenappointsaGovernor-General(ontheadviceoftheelectedAustralianGovernment)torepresenther.·TheGovernor-Generalhaswidepowers,butbyc
8、onventionactsonlyontheadviceofministersonvirtuallyallmatters.AwrittenconstitutionLiketheUnitedStatesandunlikeBritain,Austral
