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1、英語句法英語的基本成分有七種： 主語（subject） 謂語（predicate） 表語（predicative） 賓語（object） 賓語補足語(objectcomplement)定語（attribute） 狀語(adverbial)主語：是句子要說明的人或物,可以作主語的成分有名詞，主語一般在句首。注意名詞單數(shù)形式常和冠詞不分家！1)Mr.Leeisawell-knownscientist.2)Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.3)Twoandtenistwelve.4)Smokingisharmfultothehealth
2、.5)Toswiminthatpoolisagreatpleasure.6)Whatweshalldonextisnotyetdecided.謂語:說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征。1)Thenewtermbeginsonthe1stofSeptember.2)Hisfatherisanengineer.3)Sheseemedhappy.4)LiHuashowedmehisalbum.賓語:指的是及物動詞涉及到的人或物.1)WangLinglentmeanoveltoreadinthebus.2)Themedicineisgoodforacold.3)Ho
3、wmanypiecesdoyouwant?4)Mylittlesisteralwayslikestoaskquestions.5)Wouldyoumindcomingearliertomorrow?6)HeaskedmewhatIwasgoingtodotonight賓語補足語:在賓語后面補充說明賓語的動作,狀態(tài),特征.1)Thegovernmentappointedherchiefdelegatetotheconference.2)Idon’tbelievethestorytrue.3)Youshouldputyourthingsinorder.4
4、)Thedoctoradvisedhertostayinbedforaweek.5)Wesawthepupilsplayingbasketball.表語：是謂語的一部分，它位于系動詞如be之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。1)Wang’sfatherisadoctor.2)Heisalwayscareless.3)Thebasketballmatchison.4)Allthepupilsareontheplaygroundnow.5)Ouraimistowinmoremedals.6)HisworkisteachingFrench.7)Thequ
5、estioniswhocanreallyrepairthemachines.定語:是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子，漢語中常用‘……的’表示。Tomisahandsomeboy.Thetwoboysarestudents.HisboyneedsTom'spen.Theboyintheclassroomneedsapenofyours.Theboyneedsaballpen.ThebestboyhereisTom.Thereisnothingtodotoday.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhismother
6、.ThisisthenewdictionarywhichIboughtyesterday.狀語：狀語修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或全句，說明方式、因果、條件、時間、地點、讓步、方向、程度、目的等。1)Shesingsquitewell.2)OnSundays,thereisnostudentintheclassroom.3)Hesitsthere,askingforapen.4)Theboyneedsapentodohishomework.5)IfIhavesomesparetime,IwilltakeupGerman.同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代
7、詞對前者加以說明的成分，近乎于后置定語。如：Westudentsshouldstudyhard./(students是we的同位語，都是指同一批‘學(xué)生’）Weallarestudents./(all是we的同位語，都指同樣的‘我們’）ThenewsthatC用符號標(biāo)出下列句子的成分：1)Isawyouruncleintheshopyesterday.2)HerfatherbecameaPartymemberin1950.3)Tosleeponaspringbedisverycomfortable.4)Mr.HopkinsteachesMaryEngl
8、ish.5)SheknowshowtoteachEnglishproperly.6)Thenextmorni
