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1、術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯及術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋匯總術(shù)語(yǔ)翻譯1.Designfeaturesoflanguage(語(yǔ)言的甄別特征)Arbitrariness(任意性),Duality(二層性/二重性),Creativity(創(chuàng)造性/原創(chuàng)性),Displacement(移位性),Culturaltransmission(文化傳播),Interchangeability(可互換性)2.Functionsoflanguagereferential指稱(chēng)功能poetic詩(shī)學(xué)功能emotive情感功能conative勸慰功能phatic寒暄功能metalingualf
2、unction元語(yǔ)言功能ideationalfunction概念功能interpersonalfunction人際功能textualfunction語(yǔ)篇/文本功能Informative(信息/告知功能),PerformativeFunction(施為功能),EmotiveFunction(情感功能),Phaticcommunion(寒暄交談),RecreationalFunction(娛樂(lè)功能),3.Phonetics(語(yǔ)音學(xué)),Phonology(音系/音位學(xué));Morphology(形態(tài)學(xué)),Syntax(句法學(xué));Sem
3、antics(語(yǔ)義學(xué)),Pragmatics(語(yǔ)用學(xué))Articulatoryphonetics發(fā)音語(yǔ)音學(xué)Acousticphonetics聲學(xué)語(yǔ)音學(xué)Auditoryphonetics聽(tīng)覺(jué)語(yǔ)音學(xué)Psycholinguistics心理語(yǔ)言學(xué)Sociolinguistics社會(huì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)Anthropologicallinguistics人類(lèi)語(yǔ)言學(xué)Computationallinguistics計(jì)算語(yǔ)言學(xué)Appliedlinguistics應(yīng)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)Neurolinguistics神經(jīng)語(yǔ)言學(xué)4.Descriptivevs.prescr
4、iptive描寫(xiě)式和規(guī)定式Synchronicvs.diachronic共時(shí)和歷時(shí)Languevs.parole語(yǔ)言和言語(yǔ)Competencevs.performance語(yǔ)言能力和語(yǔ)言行為5.Vocaltract聲道(resonatingcavities共鳴腔),pharynx咽腔,oralcavity口腔andnasalcavity鼻腔.其它的一些發(fā)音器官:lungs肺,windpipe(trachea)氣管,vocalfolds聲帶,larynx喉,epiglottis會(huì)厭,次聲門(mén),pharynx咽,uvula小舌,har
5、dpalate硬腭,softpalate軟腭,alveolarridge齒齦6.Consonantsandvowels(輔音和元音)A.Mannersofarticulation發(fā)音方式B.Placesofarticulation發(fā)音位置7.Stop(orplosive)爆破音Fricative摩擦音Approximant近似音Lateral(approximant)邊音Affricates塞擦音,trill顫音andtap閃音Bilabial雙唇音Labiodental唇齒音Dental齒音Alveolar齒齦音Postal
6、veolar后齒齦音Retroflex卷舌音Palatal硬腭音Velar軟腭音Uvular小舌音,pharyngeal咽音glottal聲門(mén)音monophthongvowel:單元音diphthongs雙元音triphthongs三元音Laxvowels短元音Tensedvowels長(zhǎng)元音8.Coarticulationandphonetictranscription協(xié)同發(fā)音和標(biāo)音anticipatorycoarticulation先期協(xié)同發(fā)音perseverativecoarticulation后滯協(xié)同發(fā)音.broadtr
7、anscription寬式標(biāo)音narrowtranscription嚴(yán)式標(biāo)音9.minimalpairs最小對(duì)立體Phoneme音位phonemictranscriptions音位轉(zhuǎn)寫(xiě)phonetictranscriptions語(yǔ)音轉(zhuǎn)寫(xiě)phones音子allophones音位變體complementarydistribution互補(bǔ)分布phoneticsimilarity發(fā)音近似性Freevariation自由變體assimilation同化regressiveassimilation逆同化progressiveassimil
8、ation順同化phonologicalrule音系規(guī)則Epenthesis增音binary二分的Distinctivefeatures區(qū)別特征EndocentricandExocentricConstructions向心結(jié)構(gòu)和離心結(jié)構(gòu)subordinateandcoordi