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1、TheTransitionZone:Slabs’PurgatoryCIDER,2006-GroupAGarrettLeahy,VedLekic,UrskaManners,ChristineReif,JoostvanSummeren,Tai-LinTseng,MagaliBillen,Wang-PingChen,AdamDziewonskiTongaSeismicityPredictedSlabPositionsDegree45and24sphericalharmonicexpansionsoflocationsofs
2、labsbasedonplatehistoryreconstructionsassumingnostagnationintransitionzone.TomographicModelsHarvardBerkeleyPreliminaryConclusionsTomographyrevealslargerfastregionsinthewesternPacifictransitionzone.Deepearthquakestressaxesshowevidenceofresistancetocrossingthe660
3、kmdiscontinuity.Structurebelowandabove660kmdiscontinuityhasdifferentspectralcharacter.Implication:slabsstagnateinthetransitionzoneforsomelengthoftime.ASimpleForceBalanceforslabsintheTransitionZoneFb=∫??gdxdz????????????xzConstraintsonDrandClapeyronslopesDensity
4、contrastsSeismicconstraintsLabexperimentsonmantleminerals/rocksLatticedynamicssimulationClapeyronslopesLabexperimentsonphasetransformationCalorimatricCalculationsSummaryPhaseTransitionDataSeismicConstrainsCalculations(Pyrolite)Simulations(MgSiO3)Dr4105%to6%Abou
5、t3%Dr6607%to9%6%to7%About8%LabExperimentsCalorimatricCalculationdP/dT410(Mpa/K)atob2.5to4dP/dT660(Mpa/K)gtoMw+Pv–3to–1About-3dP/dT660(Mpa/K)Pyrolite-0.5DensityContrastClapeyronSlopeForClapeyronSlopeofOlivinePolymorphs:Duffy,T.,Synchrotronfacilitiesandthestudyof
6、theEarth'sdeepinterior.Rep.Prog.Phys.68(2005)1811-1859.SlabThermalAnomalyGaussianCross-slabProfileExponentialDecreaseInPeakAnomalyMax.SlabDepth:1000kmMax.SlabDepth:500kmPhaseTransitionAnomalyTemperatureAnomalyTransitionHeight(km)410:?=3.0MPa/K??=3-6%660:?=-1.3M
7、Pa/K??=7-9%410:=4.0MPa/K??=4%660:=-2MPa/K??=3%EffectofDiponSumofThermalAndPhaseChangeForces010---Dip(degrees)--8090TotalForce(x1012N/m)1612840EffectofDensityChangeatPhaseBoundariesChangeinDensityat660(%)ChangeinDensityat410(%)66.577.588.5965.43EffectofClapeyron
8、SlopeClapeyronSlopeat660Mpa/KClapeyronSlopeat410Mpa/K-3-2-1-0.55432.5EffectofShearForcesMajorslowingoccursuponenteringlowermantleLowermantleviscositygreaterthan1022Pascanstr
