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1、8ConclusionCreatingIncentives&RemovingObstaclesTechnologydiffusionandunilateralresponsestomultilateralfailuresIthasnotbeenpossibletoreachadequatemultilateralagreementswithrespectto:climatechangefinanceintellectualpropertyrightsforplantvarietiesmultilateralinvestmentagreementinternational
2、tradeinenvironmentalgoodsandservicesMultilateralprogressinalloftheseareaswouldfacilitatetechnologydiffusionanddiminishtheneedforunilateralaction.Unilateral,multilateralUnilateralmeasurescanserveascatalystsformultilateralactiononclimatechange.Climatechangeagreementsshouldeithercomplywitho
3、rpromptmodificationstointernationaleconomiclaw.Riskofregulatorycaptureneedstobeaddressedforboth.Plurilateral/sectoralalternativeEncompassingmajorplayers:environmentalgoodsandservicesGHGemissionsMFNbasisOpenforotherstojoinlaterAnti-carbonduties?AntidumpingAgreementandtheSCMAgreement’srule
4、soncountervailingdutiesmightserveasamodelforregulatinguseanti-carbonduties.Measurementofcarbonfootprintsmaybedifficult,butinvestigatingauthoritiesarealreadysetuptomeasurecomplexeconomicandlegalissues.‘ClimateSensitivityIndex’Policydependsonmaturityoffinancialmarketsornationalregulatoryin
5、stitutionsIncentivestotakemitigationandadaptationmeasuresareasymmetricalDeveloped/developingtypologyignores:theglobalnatureofproblempotentialseriousnessoftheconsequencesgreatvariationamongcountriesinvulnerabilitytoandcapacitytoadapttoclimatechangefinancialandtechnologicalendowmentsofcoun
6、trieschangeovertimeAssignresponsibilityonanobjectivescale.UnilateraltrademeasuresPrecedewithgoodfaitheffortstoreachanegotiatedsolution.Degreeofurgencymayrequiregreaterorlesserefforttonegotiate.Applyflexiblytotakeintoaccountdifferentconditionsamongcountries.Complywithtransparencyandproced
7、uralfairness.Design&applyinaccordancewithGATTArticleXXtominimizeriskofregulatorycapture.Uncertainfuture,graverisksWecanestimate:futureGHGconcentrationsprobabilityofarangeoftemperatureincreases,BUTwecannotsayprecisely:whatthetemperatureincreasewillbe,howthattemperatureincr
