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《Technology and industrial clusters how different are they to manage【外文翻譯】》由會員上傳分享，免費(fèi)在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)內(nèi)容在學(xué)術(shù)論文-天天文庫。
1、本科畢業(yè)論文外文翻譯外文題目：Technologyandindustrialclusters:howdifferentaretheytomanage?出處：ScienceandPublicPolicy,37(9),November2010,pages679–688作者：MicheleColettiAbstractIndustrialdistrictsandclustershavelongbeenknownfortheirpositivecontributiontolocaldevelopment.Inrecentyears,inspiredbysuccessfulexamplessucha
2、stheSiliconValley,manylocalgovernmentandpublicagenciesinEuropeandelsewherehavestartedtolaunchinitiativestodeveloptechnologyclustersinselectedlocations.Usually,clusterinitiativesarecarriedoutbyadhocclusterorganisations.Theseareintermediatebodiesemployingpeopleinchargeofanimatingclusters,thesocalled
3、clustermanagers.Thisworkdealswiththeactivitiescarriedoutbyclustermanagersandthecompetencesrequiredbythem.Italsoinvestigatesthedifferencesbetweenthemanagementoftechnologyandindustrialclusters.ThemainsourcehasbeenthesecondaryanalysisofresultsfromthelargestsurveyinthisfieldcarriedoutinEuropetodate.in
4、troductionForalongtime,districtsandclustershavebeennoticedbysociologistsandeconomists,butitisonlyinthelasttwodecadesthatmanypolicy-makershavebeguntoactivelynurturetheirgrowthasawaytospurlocaleconomicdevelopment.Aslongagoasin1890theeconomistAlfredMarshallintroducedtheconceptoftheindustrialdistricta
5、ndidentifiedtheadvantagesoftheco-locationoffirms.BecattiniandBellandi(2006)describedistrictsoftraditionalindustriesascharacterisedbyseveralpopulations/typologiesofspecialisedandautonomousenterprisescoveringvariousstagesofaproductivenetwork.Thesefirmstendtobeaggregatedin‘opensquads’whichinternallye
6、xchangeknowledgeandworktogethertoproducecollectivegoods,butifnecessarytheycansourcetoexternalfirms.Otherfeaturesofdistrictsarespecificpublicgoods,integratinglabourdivisionandcoordinatingmanufacturers.一、TechnologyandindustrialclustersDespitePorter’sstatementthattherearenolow-orhigh-techsectors,buto
7、nlylow-orhigh-techcompanies(1996),parameterssuchastheR&Dintensity(generallymeasuredasR&Dexpenditureasashareofsalesrevenues)varysignificantlyacrosssectors(ReinstallerandUnterlass,2008).Thesamegoesforclusters:there
