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1、LASER&PHOTONICSLaserPhotonicsRev.,L1L6(2013)/DOI10.1002/lpor.201300035REVIEWSAbstractCompactsemiconductorlightsourceswithhighper-witha3mWoutputpowerandamaximumoperationtemper-formancecontinuous-wave(CW)andsinglemodeoperationareature(Tmax)of100K.Also,ahighlycolli
2、matedfar-?eldpatternhighlydemandedformanyapplicationsintheterahertz(THz)isdemonstrated,whichisanimportantsteptowardsrealworldfrequencyrange.Distributedfeedback(DFB)andphotoniccrys-applications.tal(PhC)quantumcascade(QC)lasersareamongsttheleadingcandidatesinthis?
3、eld.Absorbingboundaryconditionisacom-monlyusedmethodtocontroltheopticalperformanceofalaserindouble-metalcon?nement.However,thisapproachincreasesthetotallossinthedeviceandresultsinalargethresholdcurrentdensity,limitingtheCWmaximumoutputpowerandoperatingARTICLEtem
4、perature.Inthisletter,arobustsurfaceemittingcontinuous-LETTERwaveterahertzQClaserisrealizedinatwo-dimensionalPhCstructurebyasecondorderBragggratingextractorthatsimul-taneouslyprovidestheboundaryconditionnecessaryformodeselection.Thisresultsina3.12THzsinglemodeCW
5、operationContinuous-waveverticallyemittingphotoniccrystalterahertzlaserZhaoluDiao1,??,ChristopherBonzon2,??,GiacomoScalari2,MattiasBeck2,Jer′omeFaist?2,andRomualdHoudre′1,?1.Introductionoptimumoverlapbetweentheopticalmodeandthegainregionandthepossibilitytofabric
6、ateveryhighQandcom-Sincethe?rstquantumcascade(QC)laserwasdemon-pactcavities,highindexcontrastphotoniccrystalshaveastratedin1994[1]andimplementedinTHzregime(0.1-verygoodpotentialforhighperformanceCWoperation10THz)in2002[2],theyhavebecomeoneofthemostim-comparedtoc
7、ompetingapproaches[10,20].BoththePhCportantsolidstatelightsourcesinthisfrequencyrange.TheQClaserandmetallicgratingDFBlaserrelyonanabsorb-metal-metal(MM)waveguidewasakeyimprovementiningorre?ectingboundaryconditionforlasermode-controlapplyingthequantumcascadeconce
8、ptfrommid-infraredandforachievingbetterfar-?eldpatterns[21].Intheprevi-toTHzrange,MMwaveguidesareinherentlybroadbandousdemonstrations,theenergydissipatedattheboundari
