棉田套播油菜產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)及高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)

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1、棉田套播油菜產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)及高產(chǎn)栽培技術(shù)摘要：以常規(guī)油菜(BrassicanapusL.)華雙5號(hào)為材料，調(diào)查分析了棉田套播油菜的產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)和產(chǎn)量差異原因，研究了播期和密度對(duì)棉田套播油菜產(chǎn)量及構(gòu)成因素的影響。結(jié)果表明，①棉田套播油菜產(chǎn)量主要分布在3000?3750kg/hm2，種植密度和有效角果數(shù)是影響產(chǎn)量的關(guān)鍵因素。②播期和密度對(duì)產(chǎn)量構(gòu)成因素有明顯影響，播期推遲，密度增加，單株有效角果數(shù)、每角粒數(shù)均表現(xiàn)明顯減少；播期和密度對(duì)千粒重影響較小。③播期、密度及其互作對(duì)產(chǎn)量影響顯著，播期推遲，油菜產(chǎn)量降低，不同播期要求最適播種密度不同。關(guān)鍵詞：油菜(Brassi

2、canapusL.)；棉田套播；產(chǎn)量差異；播期；密度中圖分類號(hào)：S634.3文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼：A文章編號(hào):0439-8114(2012)17-3681-04StudyontheYieldPerformanceofRapeseedUnder-sowedinCottonFieldandtheHighYieldCultivationTechnologyMEIShao—hua1,2,YINShao—hua1,XIONGFei1,TAOYu—chi2,MEIJin—an2,FANDuan—yang2,XIAQi—xini,2,LIUWen—ge2,XIAOQi-s

3、heng3(1.HuanggangTrialStation,TheIndustryTechnologySystemofRapeseedinChina,Huanggang438000,Hubei,China；2.WuxueBureauofAgricu1ture,Wuxue435400,Hubei,China；3.MachengSeedCompany,Macheng438300,Hubei,China)Abstract：UsingnormalrapeseedHuashuangNo.5asmateria1,theyieldperformanceofrap

4、eseedunder—sowedincottonfieldandthereasonfortheyielddifferenceswereinvestigatedfocusingontheimpactofsowingdateanddensityonrapeseedyie1daswellasitscontributingfactors?Theresu1tshowedthattheyieldofrapeseedundersowedincottonfieldr/angedfrom3000to3750kghm2?Sowingdensityandnumberof

5、effectivepodswerethekeyfactorsinfluencingtheyield?Sowingdateands0wingdensityhadevidentinfluencesontheyieldcontributingfactors,aseffect1vepodsnumberperplantandseedsnumberperpoddecreasedobvious1ywiththede1ayofsowingdateorincreas■1ngofdensity?However,theeffectofsowingdateandsowin

6、gdensityonkernelweightwassma11?Theeffectofs0wingdate,sowingdensityandtheirinteractionontheyie1dwassignificant?They■1e1dwoulddecreasewhensowingdatewasdelayed?Theappropriatedensitydifferedwiththedifferenceofsowingdate?Keywords：rapeseed(BrassicanapusL?)；under—sowedincottonfield；y

7、ielddifference；sowingdate；sowingdensity武穴市是湖北省重要的油菜(BrassicanapusL.)和棉花生產(chǎn)基地，沿江棉產(chǎn)區(qū)油菜和棉花雙熟栽培生產(chǎn)季節(jié)緊，油棉雙套種植制度充分利用了土地和溫光資源，解決了油棉爭(zhēng)地矛盾。但棉田套播油菜用工量大，實(shí)際應(yīng)用比例逐年下降。棉田套播油菜可緩解茬口矛盾，提高復(fù)種指數(shù)，節(jié)本增效明顯，已有相關(guān)研究報(bào)道［1,2］。然而在大面積生產(chǎn)條件下，農(nóng)戶間、地塊間棉田套播油菜產(chǎn)量差異較大，不利于提高油菜生產(chǎn)的總體水平，且當(dāng)前高產(chǎn)栽培條件下針對(duì)棉田套播油菜高產(chǎn)栽培的研究較少。為此，通過(guò)調(diào)查分析棉

8、田套播油菜的產(chǎn)量表現(xiàn)及產(chǎn)量差異原因，達(dá)到縮小產(chǎn)量差異、提高產(chǎn)量穩(wěn)定性和平衡增產(chǎn)的目的。同時(shí)進(jìn)行了播期、密度組合試驗(yàn)，初步探