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1、UnitOneABriefIntroductiontoEnglishLiteratureofTheAnglo-SaxonPeriodandMiddleAges(5A.D.~15A.D.)5A.D.~11A.D.TheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(5A.D.~11A.D.)Historicalbackground:ThesettlementofAnglo-Saxonpeoplesincethemid-5thcenturyAprocessofpoliticalunificationoftheIrelandofEngland(warsinsideandoutside)Aproces
2、sfromlatestageoftribalismtoearlystageoffeudalismChristianization:themixofheathenconceptswithChristiancoloringreflectedinliteraryworksofthisperiodTheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(5A.D.~11A.D.)Historicalbackground:Earlyliteraryforms:poetryandproseOraltradition:scopsandgleemanChristianpoetry:GaedmonandCynewu
3、lfLatinprose:TheEcclesiasticalHistoryoftheEnglishPeoplebyBedeKingAlfredtheGreatandhiscontribution:translation,developmentofEnglish,Anglo-SaxonChronicleNationalepic:BeowulfTheAnglo-SaxonPeriod(5A.D.~11A.D.)Historicalbackground:Earlyliteraryforms:poetryandproseEpictraditionandBeowulfMainstreamCo
4、mments:Epictradition:“manandarms”;part-historicalandpart-legendaryAfaithfulreflectionoflatetribalsocietyinaheathenworldFeudalelementsandChristiancolouringOldEnglishAlliterationKenningsTopic1forresearch:OnBeowulfVSChinesemythologyandGreekmythologyNoteforexplanation:Alliteration:Wordsbeginningwi
5、ththesameconsonantsalliteratewitheachotherwithinEachline,orawordbeginningwithavowelalliterateswithanotherwordbeginningwiththesameoranothervowel.Eachlinegenerallyhasfourstresseswithapausebetweenthesecondandthethird,thusbreakingthelineintotwoparts.Alliterationinvariablyfallsuponthestressedsyllab
6、les.“ingeardagum”Kenning:Compoundwordstoserveasindirectmetaphorsthataresometimesverypicturesque.“Swan-road”,“whale-path”,“seal-bath”“Wave-traveler”“Shield-bearer”,“spear-fighter”“Sword-clashings”,“edge-clash”Mid-11A.D.~mid-14A.D:feudalismintheupwardmomentumFromMid-14A.D.:deterioratinganddeclin
7、ingoffeudalism15A.D.:transitionfromfeudalismtocapitalismMiddleAges(mid-11A.D.~15A.D.)FrenchcultureimplantationChivalryreflectedinchivalryromanceMajorsocialconflicts:serfsVSfeudalbarons;feudalbaronsVSkingsWarsinsideandoutside:theHundredY
