資源描述：
《Guidelines on Male Hypogonadism》由會員上傳分享，免費在線閱讀，更多相關內容在行業(yè)資料-天天文庫。
1、GuidelinesonmalehypogonadismXieshao-feng2021/10/1GuidelinesonmalehypogonadismEuropeanAssociationofUrology2012G.R.Dohle,S.Arver,C.Bettocchi,S.Kliesch,M.Punab,W.deRonde2021/10/1IntroductionAetiologyandformsDiagnosisTreatmentChoiceoftreatmentMainTopics2021/10/1Introduc
2、tionAetiologyandformsDiagnosisTreatmentChoiceoftreatmentMainTopics2021/10/1Malehypogonadismisaclinicalsyndromecausedbyandrogendeficiency.Itmayadverselyaffectmultipleorganfunctionsandqualityoflife.Androgensplayacrucialroleinthedevelopmentandmaintenanceofmalereproduct
3、iveandsexualfunctions.2021/10/1IntroductionLowlevelsofcirculatingandrogenscancausedisturbancesinmalesexualdevelopment,resultingincongenitalabnormalitiesofthemalereproductivetract.Laterinlife,thismaycausereducedfertility,sexualdysfunction,decreasedmuscleformationandb
4、onemineralisation,disturbancesoffatmetabolism,andcognitivedysfunction.2021/10/1IntroductionTestosteronelevelsdecreaseasaprocessofageing:signsandsymptomscausedbythisdeclinecanbeconsideredanormalpartofageingLowtestosteronelevelsarealsoassociatedwithseveralchronicdisea
5、sesSymptomaticpatientsmaybenefitfromtestosteronetreatment2021/10/1IntroductionAndrogendeficiencyincreaseswithage;anannualdeclineincirculatingtestosteroneof0.4-2.0%hasbeenreportedInmiddle-agedmen,theincidencewasfoundtobe6%Moreprevalentinoldermen,inmenwithobesity,thos
6、ewithco-morbidities,andinmenwithapoorhealthstatus2021/10/1IntroductionIntroductionAetiologyandformsDiagnosisTreatmentChoiceoftreatmentMainTopics2021/10/1Thehypothalamic-pituitary-testesaxisPrimaryformscausedbytesticularinsufficiencySecondaryformscausedbyhypothalamic
7、-pituitarydysfunctionLateonsethypogonadismDuetoandrogenreceptorinsensitivity.2021/10/1AetiologyandformsPrimaryforms(testicularinsufficiency)CongenitalformsKlinefeltersyndromeTesticulardysgenesis(cryptorchidism)CongenitalanorchiaAcquiredformsTesticularmalignancyOrchi
8、tisMedications(chemotherapy)SystemicdiseasesAcquiredanorchia2021/10/1DifferentformsandmaincausesSecondaryforms(hypothalamic-pituitaryDysfu
