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1、隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和全球范圍內(nèi)環(huán)境保護(hù)浪潮的興起,貿(mào)易與環(huán)境問題正日益得到國(guó)際社會(huì)、各國(guó)政府及人民的關(guān)注,成為國(guó)際政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域的焦點(diǎn)問題之一。中國(guó)自從1978年改革開放以來(lái),對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展迅速。對(duì)外貿(mào)易的擴(kuò)大提高了中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)對(duì)國(guó)外市場(chǎng)的依賴度。在中國(guó)工業(yè)化迅速發(fā)展及外貿(mào)依存度如此之高的今天,中國(guó)的環(huán)境污染問題也非常突出,屮國(guó)工業(yè)品出口與環(huán)境質(zhì)量Z間究竟存在何種關(guān)系?木文使用理論和實(shí)證分析相結(jié)合的研究方法,在分析貿(mào)易與環(huán)境之間關(guān)系的基礎(chǔ)之上,結(jié)合中國(guó)工業(yè)品出口與環(huán)境問題的實(shí)際進(jìn)行具體的分析。同時(shí)結(jié)合國(guó)際上的案例,得出一些對(duì)中國(guó)處理貿(mào)易與環(huán)境問題的啟示。
2、作者得出的結(jié)論是:更自由的貿(mào)易對(duì)中國(guó)的環(huán)境起到了積極的作用,它使中國(guó)根據(jù)其比較優(yōu)勢(shì)進(jìn)行專業(yè)化生產(chǎn),并重新配置資源,使其偏離資本上地和能源密集型的高污染產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)向勞動(dòng)密集型的清潔產(chǎn)業(yè)。同時(shí),它也使中國(guó)能夠獲得和釆用國(guó)際上最先進(jìn)的污染治理技術(shù),使其制造業(yè)的污染密集度大幅下降。然而,中國(guó)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)也表明了貿(mào)易自由化的規(guī)模效應(yīng)超過了由于專業(yè)化及采用先進(jìn)的污染治理技術(shù)給環(huán)境所帶來(lái)的益處。結(jié)果,在過去20多年里,水、空氣和土壤污染在以與岀口擴(kuò)張相似的速度增加。關(guān)鍵詞:貿(mào)易與環(huán)境結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)技術(shù)效應(yīng)規(guī)模效應(yīng)AbstractWiththedevelopmentofthewo
3、rldeconomyandtheriseoftheglobalenvironmentalprotection,theissuesoftradeandtheenvironmentalareincreasinglyconcernedbytheinternationalcommunity,governmentsandpeopleallovertheworld.Ithasbecomeoneofthefocalpointsininternationalpoliticalandeconomicfields.SinceChina'sopeningupreform
4、in1978,foreigntradehasdevelopedrapidly.ThedevelopmentofforeigntradeincreasedChina'seconomicdependenceonforeignmarkets.Today,withtherapidexpandingofforeigntradeandindustrialization,China'senvironmentalproblemsarealsoveryprominent.ThenwhatistherelationshipbetweenChinasindustrial
5、exportsandthequalityoftheenvironment?Employingthemethodoftheoreticalandempiricalanalysis,onthebaseofanalyzingtherelationshipbetweentradeandtheenvironment,theauthoranalyzestheinfluenceoftheChineseindustrialexportontheenvironment.Theauthoralsodrawssomeinspirationsfromtheinternat
6、ionalcases.Theauthorholdsthat:FreertradehasmadeasignificantpositivecontributiontoChineseenvironment.ItenabledChinatospecializeaccordingtoitscomparativeadvantageandrelocateitsresourcesawayfromcapital,landandenergyintensivedirtyindustriestolaborintensivecleanerindustries.Italsoe
7、nabledChinatogainaccessandadoptthebestinternationalpracticeinpollutionabatementtechnologyleadingtoasignificantdropinthepollutionintensityofitsmanufacturingindustry.Nonetheless,China'sexperiencealsoshowsthatthescaleeffectsoftradeliberalizationontheenvironmentoverwhelmedothersou
8、rcesofpollutionchangeandoffsetotherenvironmentalgainsfromspec