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1、婦兒科病癥治療1.月經(jīng)不調(diào)。月經(jīng)不調(diào)是指月經(jīng)的周期、經(jīng)色、經(jīng)量、經(jīng)質(zhì)出現(xiàn)異常改變,包括月經(jīng)先期(經(jīng)早)、月經(jīng)后期(經(jīng)遲)、月經(jīng)先后無(wú)定期(經(jīng)亂)。西醫(yī)的功能失調(diào)性子宮出血病可參照木篇論治。[辨證論治](1)月經(jīng)先期。主癥:月經(jīng)周期提前7F1以上,甚至10余FI—行。月經(jīng)量多、色淡、質(zhì)稀,神疲肢倦,心悸氣短,納少便澹,舌淡,脈細(xì)弱者,為氣虛證;月經(jīng)量多、深紅或紫、質(zhì)稠,而紅口干,心胸?zé)幔”愣厅S,大便干燥,舌紅苔黃,脈數(shù)者,為實(shí)熱證;刀經(jīng)量少或量多,色紅質(zhì)稠,兩瀕潮紅,手足心熱,舌紅苔少,脈細(xì)數(shù)者,為虛熱證。治則:清熱調(diào)經(jīng),兼以補(bǔ)氣、瀉火、理氣。處方:取任脈、足太陰經(jīng)月俞
2、穴為主,針用或補(bǔ)或?yàn)a,酌情加灸。穴取關(guān)元、三陰交、血海。方義:本方重在清熱活血,通調(diào)沖任。關(guān)元為任脈經(jīng)穴,足三陰經(jīng)Z交會(huì),故為調(diào)理沖任要穴;血海調(diào)理血分。兩穴相配,沖任調(diào)和,經(jīng)血按時(shí)而行。三陰交調(diào)理肝、脾、。腎,為調(diào)經(jīng)之要穴。隨證選穴:氣虛加足三里、脾俞;虛熱加三陰交、然谷、太溪;實(shí)熱加太沖、曲池;郁熱加行間、地機(jī);心煩加神門;月經(jīng)量多加隱口。(2)刀經(jīng)后期。主癥:月經(jīng)推遲7F1以上,甚至40F1?50R-潮。量少色黯,冇血塊,小腹冷痛,得熱則減,畏寒肢冷,苔薄白,脈沉緊者,為血寒凝滯證;經(jīng)期延后,月經(jīng)色淡無(wú)塊,小腹隱痛,頭暈眼花,心悸少寐,而色蒼白,舌淡,脈細(xì)弱者,為肝
3、血虧虛證;月經(jīng)延后,量少,色黯有小血塊,小腹脹痛或胸脅乳房脹痛,脈弦者,為肝郁氣滯證。治則:和血調(diào)經(jīng),兼以溫經(jīng)散寒、養(yǎng)血、舒肝。處方:取任脈、足太陰經(jīng)月俞穴為主。針用補(bǔ)瀉兼施,可灸。穴取氣海、三陰交。方義:氣海為任脈經(jīng)穴,可調(diào)一身Z氣;三陰交為足太陰脾經(jīng)經(jīng)穴,且與肝經(jīng)、腎經(jīng)交會(huì)氣為血帥,脾司統(tǒng)血,兩穴相配具有和血調(diào)經(jīng)之功能。隨證選穴:血寒凝滯加歸來(lái)、關(guān)元;肝血虧虛加血海、脾俞、足三里;肝郁氣滯加太沖、蠡溝;心悸失眠加神門。(3)刀經(jīng)先后無(wú)定期。主癥:月經(jīng)或提前或錯(cuò)后,經(jīng)量或多或少,色紫黯有塊,經(jīng)行不暢,胸脅乳房作脹,少腹雕痛,時(shí)常嘆息,曖氣不舒,苔薄口,脈弦者,為氣滯;經(jīng)
4、來(lái)先后不定,量少色淡,腰舐酸痛,頭暈耳鳴,舌淡苔白,脈沉弱者,為腎虛證。治則:調(diào)補(bǔ)肝腎。處方:取任脈、足太陰經(jīng)月俞穴為主。針用補(bǔ)法或平補(bǔ)平瀉。穴取關(guān)元、三陰交、肝俞。方義:關(guān)元補(bǔ)腎培元,通調(diào)沖任;三陰交為足太陰脾經(jīng)穴,又是三陰經(jīng)Z交會(huì)穴,能補(bǔ)脾胃,益肝腎,調(diào)氣血;肝俞乃肝Z背俞穴,有疏肝理氣之功,三穴共用調(diào)理經(jīng)血。隨證選穴:肝郁氣滯加太沖、期門;腎虛加太溪、水泉;腰紙痛明顯加次醪。2.痛經(jīng)。婦女正值經(jīng)期或行經(jīng)前后,擊現(xiàn)周期性小腹痛或痛引腰紙,甚則劇痛難忍欲昏厥稱為痛經(jīng),也稱經(jīng)行腹痛。西醫(yī)所講的由于子宮痙攣收縮而發(fā)生的疼痛,均屈本病范疇。常與生殖器局部病變、精神因素和神經(jīng)內(nèi)
5、分泌因素有關(guān)。[辨證論治](1)實(shí)證。主癥:氣滯血瘀則經(jīng)前或經(jīng)期小腹脹痛拒按,伴乳脅脹痛,經(jīng)行量少不暢,色紫冇塊,塊下痛減,舌質(zhì)暗或瘀點(diǎn),脈沉弦或澀。若經(jīng)行小腹冷痛,熱則舒,經(jīng)量少,紫暗有塊,伴形寒肢冷,小便清長(zhǎng),舌苔口,脈細(xì)或沉緊者,為寒濕凝滯證;若經(jīng)前或經(jīng)期小腹疼痛,或痛及腰紙,經(jīng)行量多質(zhì)稠,色鮮或紫,有小血塊,大便干,小便短赤,舌紅苔黃膩,脈弦數(shù)者,為肝郁濕熱證。治則:通經(jīng)止痛。兼以行氣散瘀,溫經(jīng)散寒,清熱利濕。處方:取任脈、足太陰經(jīng)喻穴為主。針用瀉法,寒甚可灸。穴取屮極、地機(jī)、次醪。方義:本方通調(diào)沖任,行瘀止痛。中極為任脈經(jīng)穴,可通調(diào)沖任脈Z氣,散寒行氣;次醪為治
6、療痛經(jīng)之經(jīng)驗(yàn)要穴;地機(jī)乃脾經(jīng)那穴,可疏調(diào)脾經(jīng)經(jīng)氣而止痛。三穴合用,以達(dá)通經(jīng)散瘀、溫經(jīng)止痛之功效。隨證選穴:氣滯血瘀加合谷、三陰交;寒濕凝滯加歸來(lái)、陰陵泉;肝郁濕熱加太沖、陽(yáng)陵泉、期門;腹脹加天樞。(2)虛證。①氣血虧虛。主癥:經(jīng)期或經(jīng)后小腹綿綿作痛喜按,小腹空墜,經(jīng)行量少,經(jīng)色淡而清稀,面色蒼白,精神倦怠或納少便澹,舌淡苔薄白,脈虛細(xì)。治則:益氣補(bǔ)血,調(diào)經(jīng)止痛。處方:取任脈、督脈、足太陰經(jīng)、足陽(yáng)明經(jīng)臉穴為主。針用補(bǔ)法,并可加灸。穴取關(guān)元、命門、足三里、三陰交。方義:關(guān)元為任脈經(jīng)穴,可溫補(bǔ)卜?焦Z元?dú)庹{(diào)理沖任脈絡(luò)。命門屬督脈,督脈可總督全身Z陽(yáng)氣,故取命門以補(bǔ)真陽(yáng)而溫煦脾胃
7、。三陰交為足三陰經(jīng)之交會(huì)穴,配以足三里有補(bǔ)脾胃而益氣血生化之源。氣血充足,沖任調(diào)和,經(jīng)血通暢,則疼痛自止。隨證選穴:手足心熱加太溪、照海。②肝腎虧損。主癥:經(jīng)后小腹緩緩作痛,喜按,經(jīng)來(lái)色淡量少,質(zhì)稀薄,頭暈耳鳴,腰脊酸痛,精神倦怠,舌淡紅苔薄口,脈沉細(xì)。治則:補(bǔ)益肝腎。調(diào)和沖任。處方:取任脈、足太陰經(jīng)、足少陽(yáng)經(jīng)背俞穴為主。針用補(bǔ)法,可灸。穴取三陰交、肝俞、關(guān)元、腎俞、照海、足三里。方義:三陰交為足三陰經(jīng)的交會(huì)穴,可調(diào)理三陰經(jīng)的氣血。肝俞、腎俞加照??裳a(bǔ)養(yǎng)肝腎,調(diào)理沖任。關(guān)元為任脈經(jīng)穴,有益精血、補(bǔ)肝腎、養(yǎng)沖任的作用。足三里補(bǔ)脾