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1、TranscendentalismAppearedin1830s,TranscendentalismisthesummitoftheRomanticMovementinthehistoryofAmericanliteratureinthe19thcentury.Transcendentalismhasbeendefinedphilosophicallyas"therecognition（認(rèn)矢口）inmanofthecapacityofknowingtruthintuitively（直覺地）”?Tr
2、anscendentalistsplaceemphasisontheimportanceoftheOver-soul,theindividualandNature.ThemostimportantrepresentativesareRalphWaldoEmersonandHenryDavidThoreau.AllanPoeMajorWorks:A:PoetryTheRaven《烏鴉》2AnnabelLee《安娜貝爾麗》ToHelen《獻(xiàn)給海倫》B:Shortstories:TheFallofthe
3、HouseofUsher《厄舍古屋的倒塌》BlackCat《黑貓》TheGoldBug《金甲蟲》C:Literarytheory:ThePoeticPrinciplev詩歌原理〉ThePhilosophyofCompositionv創(chuàng)作哲學(xué)〉D:onefull-lengthnovel:TheNarrativeofArthurGordonPymliteraryposition:ForeninnerofwesterndecadentliteratureForerunnerofaestheticlite
4、ratureFatherofmodemshortstorytheoryforpoetry:shortbutachievemaximumeffectproduceafeelingofbeautyinthereadernpure“，nottomoralizeHestressesrhythminsistsonaneven（規(guī)貝9的）metricalflowShortstoryfeature:G^f/zzcelementsliterarycontribution:AestheticismPrinciple
5、ofbeautyPrincipleofunityandconcentration；shortaPurepoetry"or"pureart"Unityofeffectandatmosphere;contentinserviceofartisticeffectThemesinPoe'sworks:DeathHorrorDeformity（畸形）NegativethoughtsofscienceMobyDick:Moby-Dick:Itisamixtureoffantasyandrealismbased
6、upontheSouthPacificwhalingindustryandaspiritualexplorationintoman'sdeeprealityandpsychology.Differentpeopleonboardtheshiparerepresentationsofdifferentideasanddifferentsocialandethnicgroups;factsbecomesymbolsandincidentsacquireuniversalmeanings;thePequ
7、odisthemicrocosmofhumansocietyandthevoyagebecomesasearchfortruth.Thewhitewhale,MobyDick,symbolizesnatureforMelvilleandtheevilforAhab?Ishmael(characterandnarrator);Ahab(captainofthePequod,amonomaniac,whosesinglepurposeistocapturethefierce,cunningwhitew
8、hale);othercharacters-Starbuck,Stubb,Flask,Fedallah,Tashtego,Daggoo,Pip.久MobyDick”,atremendouschronicleofawhalingvoyageinpursuitofaseeminglysupernaturalwhitewhale?Thebookissteepedinsymbolism,anotherstrongappealtoreadersofhiscentury.Dickinson:1
