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1、外文翻譯原文IntellectualPropertyRightsandNorth-SouthTradeMaterialSource:NationalBureauofEconomicResearchAuthor：JudithC.ChinandGeneN.GrossmanABSTRACTWestudytheincentivethatagovernmentintheSouthhastoprotecttheintellectualpropertyrightsofNorthernfirms,andtheconsequencesofthedecisiontake
2、nbytheSouthforwelfareintheNorthandforefficiencyoftheworldequilibrium.WeconductouranalysiainthecontextofacompetitionbetweenasingleNorthernproducerandasingleSouthernproducersellingsomegoodtoanintegratedworldmarket.Inthiscompetition,onlytheNorthernfirmhastheabilitytoconductR&Dinor
3、dertoloweritsproductioncosts,buttheSouthernfirmcanimitatecoatleaslyifpatentprotectionforproceaainnovationaisnotenforcedbythegovernmentoftheSouth.WefindthattheinterestsoftheNorthandtheSouthgenerallyconflictinthematterofprotectionofintellectualproperty,withtheSouthbenefittingfrom
4、theabilitytopiratetechnologyandtheNorthharmedbysuchactions.Astrongsystemofintellectualpropertyrightsmayormaynotenhanceworldefficiency.I.IntroductionTheissueofintellectualpropertyrightshasbecomeacontentiousoneindeedinrecenttraderelationsbetweenNorthandSouth.IntheNorth,producerso
5、fnewknowledgeandideasrelyonprotectionintheformsofpatents,copyrightsandtrademarkstoenablethemtoappropriatesomeofthebenefitsfrominvestmentinresearchanddevelopment.TheNortherngovernmentshaverespondedtopleasforassistancefromtheircorporatesectorsinthefaceofbillionsofdollarsoflostrev
6、enueandprofitsfrompiracyandcounterfeitingbyapplyingpressureontheSouthtoprovidegreaterenforcementofpropertyrightsandbypushingfornewcodesofinternationalbehavior.AttheurgingoftheUnitedStates,forexample,thepartiestotheGATTestablishedasoneofthefourteennegotiatinggroupsoftheUruguayRo
7、undonecharged"toclarifyGATTprovisionsandelaborateasappropriatenewrulesanddisciplinesregardinginternationalenforcementofintellectualpropertyrights"(Baldwin,1988,p.65).TheSouth,foritspart,manifestsalmosttotaldependencyontheNorthforthetechnologiesneededforgrowthanddevelopment.Thes
8、ecountriesfearexploitationatthehandsofinnovativefirmsi
