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1、PreparetheIntroductionBetterspeakingtipsA.ConfidenceB.Pronunciation,structureandgrammarC.VocabularyD.ChunksofwordsE.OrganizeyourthinkingF.StressandtonesG.LexicalfillersH.ModelaspeakeryoulikeTip:Learningtoreadandwritewillnotimproveyourspeakingskills.Ifyoulearntospeakcor
2、rectly,thenyourreadingandwritingwillimprove.SpeakingRulesweneedtoknow!1.Don'tstudygrammartoomuch2.Learnandstudyphrases3.ReadingandListeningisNOTenough.PracticeSpeakingwhatyouhear!(Thenaturalorderislistening,speaking,reading,thenwriting.)4.SubmergeyourselfYouonlyneedtos
3、urroundyourselfwithEnglish5.StudycorrectmaterialInshort,studyEnglishmaterialthatyoucantrust,thatiscommonlyused,andthatiscorrect.LearningobjectivesBeawareofthefunctionandstyleoftheIntroductionLearnaboutthestructureoftheIntroductionDeveloptheskillsandabilityofpreparingth
4、eeffectiveIntroductionContents1.Function2.Style3.Structure4.Suggestions5.Exercise1.ImportanceandFunctionLeadintotherationalebehindtheresearch,revealingwhetheritisbuildinguponpreviousresearch,lookingatsomethingthateverybodyelsehasoverlooked,orimprovinguponapreviousresea
5、rchprojectthatdeliveredunclearresults.Flowintofillingthegap,layingoutyourobjectivesandmethodology.Youaretryingtopredictwhatimpactyourresearchwillhaveifeverythingworksasitshould,andyouultimatelyrejectthenullhypothesis.Startwithabroadbasisandthennarrowsitdowntoyourpartic
6、ularfieldofstudy,explainingtherationalebehindeachstep.Thinkofitasaninvertedpyramid,whereyoustartwithawideoverviewbutmovetowardsthethesisstatementorhypothesis,whichshouldbethefinalelementoftheintroduction.Informthereaderabouttherationalebehindthework,justifyingwhyyourwo
7、rkisanessentialcomponentofresearchinthefield.Itworksupontheprincipleofintroducingthetopicofthepaperandsettingitintoabroadcontext,graduallynarrowingdowntoaresearchproblem,thesisandhypothesis.Establishthecontextoftheworkbeingreported.Thisisaccomplishedbydiscussingtherele
8、vantprimaryresearchliterature(withcitations)andsummarizingourcurrentunderstandingoftheproblemyouareinvestigating.Stat
